Determination of chlorpyrifos 20% EC (Dursban 20 EC) in scented rose and its products

The method for determination of chlorpyrifos is validated and dissipation behaviour of residue in scented rose and percent transfer in different products is described. GC-electron-capture detection with a HP-1, 30 m x 0.53 mm, 3.0 microm capillary column and nitrogen at 1 ml/min was used in the study. Plant matrices studied were: leaves, flowers, soil, rose water, absolute and concrete. Detector response linearity and sensitivity, limit of detection and determination, percent recovery were determined based on area response (mm2) of the standard. Analytical field and laboratory samples (rose water by hydro-distillation of the flowers, concrete and absolute by hexane extraction and condensation) were analysed for evaluation of the method. Samples were extracted with acetone, partitioned with water, saturated sodium chloride solution and dichloromethane. The organic layer was rotary-evaporated to 2 ml for cleanup with silica-carbon column. The column was eluted with dichloromethane-toluene-acetone (10:2:2, v/v/v) and the derived solution was rotary-evaporated to 5 ml for end analysis. Matrix enhancement effect was observed for leaf and soil samples for which corrective approach was followed to compensate for overestimation of the residue. Limit of detection for chlorpyrifos standard was 0.05 mg/l with good linearity of detector response (R2 = 0.99). Percent recovery ranged from 78 to 117% in different plant matrices (fortification level 1, 4 and 8 mg/l). Dissipation behaviour showed that chlorpyrifos was below detection limit by the 12th day of application on the scented rose with half life of 3.40 days on leaves and 3.10 days on flowers at 0.1% dosage. Percent transfer studies showed that 5.71, 46.91 and 38.80% of the residue from flowers was transferred to rose water, concrete and absolute, respectively.     

New Straightforward Synthesis of β‐Damascenone and β‐Damascone Derivatives from β‐Ionone via Retro‐α‐ionol

β‐Damascenone and β‐damascone derivatives, important fragrant compounds, were directly obtained from β‐ionone by a new way via retro‐α‐ionol.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法分析玫瑰纯露中的苯乙醇

玫瑰纯露是玫瑰提取精油后的重要副产物,是玫瑰精油的饱和水溶液,不仅含有植物水溶活性成分,同时也保留了精油的芳香成分,含有矿物养分,具有抗衰老、清除自由基,抗过敏、抗菌、消炎、防紫外线损伤等功效,是继玫瑰精油之后护肤领域重要的优势产品之一,但目前尚无关于其质量控制的标准,市售产品质量参差不齐。为此,该研究发展了一种胶束电动毛细管色谱法用于快速检测玫瑰纯露中的指标成分苯乙醇。在实验过程中分析物的定性通过标准物质加标及紫外吸收可见光谱图比对确认。实验对缓冲溶液中硼砂浓度、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）浓度、分离电压、进样条件、检测条件等影响检测的关键因素进行了考察。在优化条件（分离缓冲溶液10 mmol/L Na₂ B₂ O₇ +15 mmol/L SDS,分离电压+20 kV,检测波长208 nm,进样5 kPa,5 s）下,玫瑰纯露样品在7 min内可以完成检测。本方法对苯乙醇检测的线性范围为0.50~1000 mg/L,线性相关系数（r ² ）为0.9990,检出限（LOD,S/N =3）为0.091 mg/L,定量限（LOQ,S/N =10）为0.35 mg/L,实际样品加标回收率为98.1%~102.7%（加标水平10、100、500 g/L）,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤2.8%。结果表明,该方法为玫瑰纯露及其制品的质量控制提供了一种简便、快速、灵敏、稳定的分析方法。     

FTIR光谱快速鉴别刺梨黄酮的研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析了新鲜野生刺梨果肉、烘干刺梨果肉以及室温存放数日后刺梨果肉的红外光谱特性。为对比新鲜果肉与烘干果肉样品中刺梨黄酮的红外光谱特性,以新鲜野生刺梨果实为研究对象,分别采用了超声辅助溶剂萃取法和超声结合酶辅助半仿生法提取刺梨黄酮。并使用无水乙醇作为超声辅助溶剂萃取法的萃取剂萃取刺梨黄酮,以及使用胃蛋白酶,胰酶和胆汁等模仿胃肠消化的环境,在模拟半仿生条件下提取刺梨黄酮。在两种提取方法中,新鲜果肉和烘干果肉分别反应了0,0.5,1,1.5,2和2.5 h。分别测定了新鲜果肉刺梨黄酮和烘干果肉刺梨黄酮的红外光谱数据。然后,通过分析刺梨黄酮的红外光谱特性,比较了两种方法所提取刺梨黄酮的最佳特征波长组合,得知在相同的反应条件下,反应时间为1.5 h时,超声辅助溶剂萃取法中新鲜果肉与烘干果肉提取物红外光谱对应的透射率强度分别为83.5%和84%;超声结合酶辅助半仿生法中新鲜果肉与烘干果肉提取物红外光谱对应的透射率强度分别为32%和38%。因此,结合郎伯-比尔定律可知,反应时间相同时,对于刺梨黄酮的提取,超声结合酶辅助半仿生法优于超声辅助溶剂萃取法。除此之外,我们发现随着反应时间延长,两种提取方法所获提取物的红外光谱吸收峰强度均呈上升趋势,但是反应2 h后该提取物的红外光谱吸收峰强度趋于平稳。结果表明,刺梨黄酮在3 419 cm-1（羟基O-H伸缩振动）、1 615 cm-1（羰基C═O键伸缩振动）和1 053 cm-1（烷基）处的红外吸收峰对刺梨的新鲜程度具有较好的识别效果;通过比较分析,新鲜果肉与室温存放数日后果肉中的刺梨黄酮物质的红外光谱吸收峰分别与槲皮素和山奈酚吸收峰波数一致;在相同实验条件下,两种提取方法中烘干果肉刺梨黄酮提取物浓度均高于新鲜刺梨果肉。该研究可为刺梨功能化药品和食品的制作及鉴定提供参考。     

Development of a method for analysis of Iranian damask rose oil: combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with Chemometric techniques

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with Chemometric resolution techniques were proposed as a method for the analysis of volatile components of Iranian damask rose oil. The essential oil of damask rose was extracted using hydrodistillation method and analyzed with GC-MS in optimized conditions. A total of 70 components were identified using similarity searches between mass spectra and MS database. This number was extended to 95 components with concentrations higher than 0.01% accounting for 94.75% of the total relative content using Chemometric techniques. For the first time in this work, an approach based upon subspace comparison is used for determination of the chemical rank of GC-MS data. The peak clusters were resolved using heuristic evolving latent projection (HELP) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least square (MCR-ALS) by applying proper constraints, and the combination of both methods for some cases. It is concluded that a thorough analysis of the complex mixtures such as Iranian damask rose requires sophisticated GC-MS coupled with the Chemometric techniques.     

Improvement of modified analytic embedded atom method potentials for noble metals and Cu

The modified analytic embedded atom model (EAM) potentials considering farther neighbor atoms are improved for the noble metals (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh) and Cu. We not only adopt an end processing function and an enhanced smooth continuous condition for the pair potential, but also adjust the model parameters of multi-body potential by fitting a cohesive energy, a mono-vacancy formation energy, the Rose equation curve for the cohesive energy as a function of lattice parameter, a structure energy difference, elastic parameters and an equilibrium condition of crystal. The calculation results of structure energy differences misfit the experiment data for the noble metals and Cu in the unimproved EAM, because anyone of these differences have not been considered in the calculation of its model parameters. After the modification, the model showed better simulation results for the noble metals and Cu.     

人造玫瑰花花瓣的微结构分布与水滴黏附性质的关系

本文采用模板印刷法制备得到了“人造玫瑰花花瓣”,即具有玫瑰花花瓣结构的PDMS薄膜,通过对该薄膜逐级拉伸改变微观结构的分布;采用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）观察了不同拉伸程度下薄膜表面微观结构的变化,采用高敏感性微电力学天平测试了样品表面微观结构变化过程中水滴的粘附力,分析了微观结构分布与水滴粘附性质的关系;采用接触角测量仪表征不同拉伸条件下薄膜的浸润性.实验结果表明随着PDMS薄膜被逐次拉伸,单位面积内玫瑰花花瓣乳突的数目减少,纳米褶皱面积不断增加,而纳米级褶皱结构尺寸随着拉伸基本上不发生变化,直到样品破坏;与微观结构变化相对应的,该表面对水滴的粘附力先增大后减小,直到该表面彻底破坏.由此可见,微米结构及纳米结构的分布是影响玫瑰花花瓣对水滴粘附的主要因素.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定玫瑰枝叶的5种微量元素

用微波消解一火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了玫瑰枝条和叶片中5种微量元素元素（钙、铜、铁、锰、镁）的含量。结果表明,玫瑰枝条和叶片中含有较丰富的镁、钙、铁,铜、锰含量较低,该法灵敏度高、快速、准确,所测数据可为玫瑰枝叶的合理利用提供可靠依据。     

Characterization of biochemical traits of dog rose (Rosa canina L.) ecotypes in the central part of Iran

Dog rose (Rosa canina L.) is a wild native species in Iran, with a significant genetic diversity. This plant serves as a rich source of vitamin C, anthocyanins, phenolic contents and carotenoids. Rose hips have been used in several food products, as well as perfumery and cosmetics industries. In this research, we investigate biochemical characteristics of five dog rose ecotypes (Kopehjamshid, Zarneh, Miyankish, Aghcheh and Sadeghiyeh), that were collected from the central part of Iran (Isfahan province). Amounts of vitamin C, total carotenoids, total phenolic contents, total anthocyanins, macro and micro minerals were measured. Seed oil are extracted by soxhlet method and analysed by gas chromatography. The macro and micro minerals levels in the fruit vary significantly among these regions. The results of this study demonstrate that dog rose have great diversity and can be used in breeding programmes in order to increase nutrient values as a food resource additive.     

Tomography models of random convex polygons

Combinatorial integral geometry possesses some results that can be interpreted as belonging to the field of Geometric Tomography. The main purpose of the present paper is to present a case of parallel X-ray approach to tomography of random convex polygons. However, the Introduction reviews briefly some earlier results by the author that refer to reconstruction of (non-random) convex domains by means of a point X-ray. The main tool in treating the parallel X-rays is disintegrated Pleijel identity, or rather, its averaged version, whose derivation is represented in complete detail. The paper singles out a class of random polygons called tomography models, that offer essential advantages for the analysis. The definition of a tomography model is given in terms of stochastic independence. Fortunately, random translation-invariant Poisson processes of lines in IR ² suggest a class of examples. We recall that each such line process is determined by its rose of directions ρ(?). For rather general ρ(?), the number weighted typical polygon in the polygonal partition of the plane generated by the corresponding Poisson line process happens to be a tomography model. For general tomography models, a differential equation is derived for the Laplace transform for parallel X-rays, that rises several interesting computational problems.