Optimisation of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of betalains and polyphenols from Amaranthus hypochondriacus var. Nutrisol

The present study optimised the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from m>Amaranthus hypochondriacusm> var. Nutrisol. Influence of temperature (25.86–54.14 °C) and ultrasonic power densities (UPD) (76.01–273.99 mW/mL) on total betalains (BT), betacyanins (BC), betaxanthins (BX), total polyphenols (TP), antioxidant activity (AA), colour parameters (L*, a*, and b*), amaranthine (A), and isoamaranthine (IA) were evaluated using response surface methodology. Moreover, betalain extraction kinetics and mass transfer coefficients (K_La) were determined for each experimental condition. BT, BC, BX, TP, AA, b*, K_La, and A were significantly affected (m>p <m> 0.05) by temperature extraction and UPD, whereas L*, a*, and IA were only affected (m>p <m> 0.05) by temperature. All response models were significantly validated with regression coefficients (R²) ranging from 87.46 to 99.29%. BT, A, IA, and K_La in UAE were 1.38, 1.65, 1.50, and 29.93 times higher than determined using conventional extraction, respectively. Optimal UAE conditions were obtained at 41.80 °C and 188.84 mW/mL using the desired function methodology. Under these conditions, the experimental values for BC, BX, BT, TP, AA, L*, a*, b*, K_La, A, and IA were closely related to the predicted values, indicating the suitability of the developed quadratic models. This study proposes a simple and efficient UAE method to obtain betalains and polyphenols with high antioxidant activity, which can be used in several applications within the food industry.     

Characterizations of ( m,n )-Jordan Derivations and ( m,n )-Jordan Derivable Mappings on Some Algebras

Let R be a ring, M be a R-bimodule and m, n be two fixed nonnegative integers with m + n = 0. An additive mapping δ from R into M is called an(m, n)-Jordan derivation if(m +n)δ(A~2) = 2 mAδ(A) + 2nδ(A)A for every A in R. In this paper, we prove that every(m, n)-Jordan derivation with m = n from a C*-algebra into its Banach bimodule is zero. An additive mappingδ from R into M is called a(m, n)-Jordan derivable mapping at W in R if(m + n)δ(AB + BA) =2mδ(A)B + 2 mδ(B)A + 2 nAδ(B) + 2 nBδ(A) for each A and B in R with AB = BA = W. We prove that if M is a unital A-bimodule with a left(right) separating set generated algebraically by all idempotents in A, then every(m, n)-Jordan derivable mapping at zero from A into M is identical with zero. We also show that if A and B are two unital algebras, M is a faithful unital(A, B)-bimodule and U = [A M N B] is a generalized matrix algebra, then every(m, n)-Jordan derivable mapping at zero from U into itself is equal to zero.     

Imprinted silica nanoparticles coated with N‐propylsilylmorpholine‐4‐carboxamide for the determination of m‐cresol in synthetic and real samples

m‐Cresol‐imprinted silica nanoparticles coated with N‐propylsilylmorpholine‐4‐carboxamide have been developed that contain specific pockets for the selective uptake of m‐cresol. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by a sol–gel process followed by functionalization of their surface with N‐propylsilylmorpholine‐4‐carboxamide. The formation of m‐cresol‐imprinted silica nanoparticles was confirmed by UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopic studies revealed the formation of monodispersed imprinted silica nanoparticles with spherical shape and an average size of 83 nm. The developed nanoparticles were filled in a syringe and used for the extraction of m‐cresol from aqueous samples followed by quantification using high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Various adsorption experiments showed that developed m‐cresol‐imprinted silica nanoparticles exhibited a high adsorption capacity and selectivity and offered a fast kinetics for rebinding m‐cresol. The chromatographic quantification was achieved using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (70:30 v/v) at an isocratic flow rate of 1.0 mL/min using a reversed‐phase C₁₈ column and detection at λ_max = 275 nm. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.86 and 22.32 ng/mL, respectively, for the developed method. The percent recoveries ranged from 96.66–103.33% in the spiked samples. This combination of this nanotechnique with molecular imprinting was proved as a reliable, sensitive and selective method for determining the target from synthetic and real samples.     

Site-Specific m6A Erasing via Conditionally Stabilized CRISPR-Cas13b Editor

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) on RNAs plays an important role in regulating various biological processes and CRIPSR technology has been employed for programmable m⁶A editing. However, the bulky size of CRISPR protein and constitutively expressed CRISPR/RNA editing enzymes can interfere with the native function of target RNAs and cells. Herein, we reported a conditional m⁶A editing platform (FKBP*-dCas13b-ALK) based on a ligand stabilized dCas13 editor. The inducible expression of this m⁶A editing system was achieved by adding or removing the Shield-1 molecule. We further demonstrated that the targeted recruitment of dCas13b-m⁶A eraser fusion protein and site-specific m⁶A erasing were achieved under the control of Shield-1. Moreover, the release and degradation of dCas13b fusion protein occurred faster than the restoration of m⁶A on the target RNAs after Shield-1 removal, which provides an ideal opportunity to study the m⁶A function with minimal steric interference from bulky dCas13b fusion protein.     

环状硅酸盐图的友好指数集

Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A labeling f : V(G) →Z2 induces an edge labeling f*: E(G) → Z2 defined by f*(xy) = f(x) + f(y), for each edge xy ∈ E(G). For i ∈ Z2, let vf(i) = |{v ∈ V(G) : f(v) = i}| and ef(i) = |{e ∈ E(G) : f*(e) =i}|. A labeling f of a graph G is said to be friendly if |vf(0)- vf(1)| ≤ 1. The friendly index set of the graph G, denoted FI(G), is defined as {|ef(0)- ef(1)|: the vertex labeling f is friendly}. This is a generalization of graph cordiality. We investigate the friendly index sets of cyclic silicates CS(n, m).     

Orientational order parameter studies on 3.Om and 3O.Om liquid crystals

Orientational order parameter S is evaluated in the nematic phase of six liquid crystal compounds, N-(p-n-propyl benzylidene)-p-n-alkoxy anilines, 3.Om and N-(p-n-propyloxy benzylidene)-p-n-alkoxy anilines, 3O.Om compounds with m = 6, 7 and 8, using different methods. The techniques employed are S from birefringence δn, Haller's approximation from (1?T/T_c) ^β, effective geometry parameter α_g and Vuks’ scaling factor S_C. The values of S obtained using the above methods are compared with one another and with the results on a number of liquid crystals; the liquid crystals favor isotropic Vuks’ method.     

Nd:YAG陶瓷与单晶4F3/2–4I13/2跃迁的弱谱线多波长激光性能对比

报道了基于半导体激光端面抽运Nd:YAG的⁴F_3/2–⁴I_13/2 跃迁的弱谱线多波长激光输出. 实验对比了透明陶瓷与单晶材料的激光输出特性, 表明透明陶瓷和单晶材料荧光谱强度的略微差异, 导致了多波长输出时相同两个波长之间的激光强度比在两种材料中的差异. 基于两种耦合输出镜片, 激光阈值都在2 W左右. 在13.5 W的抽运功率下, 基于Nd:YAG透明陶瓷获得了输出功率4.05 W、强度比1 :2的1338与1356 nm双波长激光和输出功率3.65 W、强度比13 : 1的1356与1414 nm 双波长激光, 斜率效率分别达33.9% 和31.9%.     

Non-gaussian diffusion modeling in composite porous media by homogenization: Tail effect

In the paper anomalous diffusion appearing in a porous medium composed of two porous components of considerably different diffusion characteristics is examined. The differences in diffusivities are supposed to result either from two medium types being present or from variations in pore size (double porosity media). The mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">long-tailmg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> effect is predicted using the homogenization approach based on the application of multiple scale asymptotic developments. It is shown that, if the ratio of effective diffusion coefficients of two porous media is of the order of magnitude smaller or equal O(mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge949.gif" alt="epsi" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ²), wheremg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge949.gif" alt="epsi" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> is a homogenization parameter, then the macroscopic behaviour of the composite may be affected by the presence of mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">tail-effectmg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">. The results of the theoretical analysis were applied to a problem of diffusion in a bilaminate composite. Analytical calculations were performed to show the presence of the mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">long-tailmg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> effect in two particular cases.Notations c _i the concentration of chemical species in water within the medium mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">img src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> - D _i the effective diffusion coefficient for the medium mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">img src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> - D _ij ^eff the macroscopic (or effective) diffusion tensor in the composite - ERV the elementary representative volume - h the thickness of the period - l a chracteristic length of the ERV or the periodic cell - L a characteristic macroscopic length - n the volumetric fraction of the material 2 - 1–n the volumetric fraction of the material 1 - N the unit vector normal to mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> - t the time variable - x the macroscopic (or slow) space variable - y the microscopic (or fast) space variable - c _1c ,C _2c ,D _1c ,D _2c the characteristic quantities - T,T _1L ,T _2L ,T _1l ,T _2l the characteristic times - c ₁ ^* ,c ₂ ^* ,D ₁ ^* ,D ₂ ^* ,t ^* the non-dimensional variables - mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge949.gif" alt="epsi" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> the homogenization parameter - mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge937.gif" alt="OHgr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₁ the domain occupied by the material 1 - mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge937.gif" alt="OHgr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">₂ the domain occupied by the material 2 - mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge947.gif" alt="gamma" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> the interface between the domains 1 and 2 - mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8741.gif" alt="par" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge937.gif" alt="OHgr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8741.gif" alt="par" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> the total volume of the periodic cell - mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8706.gif" alt="part" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">/mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8706.gif" alt="part" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">x_i the gradient operator - mg src="/content/m711qw6m5un53638/xxlarge8711.gif" alt="nabla" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> the gradient operator     

Asymptotic Modeling of Nonlinear Wave Processes in Shock‐Loaded Elastoplastic Materials

Nonlinear wave processes in shockmg src="/content/x5263517223m261h/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">loaded elastoplastic materials are modeled. A comparison of the results obtained with experimental data and numerical solutions of exact systems of dynamic equations shows that the model equations proposed qualitatively describe the stressmg src="/content/x5263517223m261h/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">distribution evolution in both the elasticmg src="/content/x5263517223m261h/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">flow and plasticmg src="/content/x5263517223m261h/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">flow regions and can be used to solve onemg src="/content/x5263517223m261h/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> and twomg src="/content/x5263517223m261h/xxlarge8208.gif" alt="dash" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">dimensional problems of pulsed deformation and fracture of elastoplastic media.