聚羟基丁酯酯缓释微球的制备及性能

用溶剂蒸发法制备了以新型生物可降解材料聚羟基丁酸酯为载体、以安定为模药的缓释微球,讨论了药物与载体之比对药物含量与包封率的影响,以及制备微球条件对药物释放性能的影响;微球平均粒径为３０～４０μｍ,粒径分布在１～１．５之间,最大载药量为１９．５１％;最高包封率为６７．１１％;体外累积释放曲线呈“两相”释放特征并拌随初始的“突释效应”。扫描电镜观察微球表面呈皱缩表观形态结构,微球内部横断面具有孔道与孔     

A New Method of Separation of Four Benzodiazepines by RP-CEC

A new method to separate diazepam, nitrazepam, estazolam, alprazolam was established on both C18 and C8 CEC columns. The influence of separation voltage, Tris concentration, column temperature and the percentage of acetonitrile on the resolution and retention behavior of four benzodiazepines was investigated. The results showed that the percentage of acetonitrile had the largest effect on the resolution and retention behavior of the four benzodiazepines. Other separation conditions had also effects on the resolution and retention behavior, but smaller than the concentration of acetonitrile. Optimum separation conditions were obtained to separate four benzodiazepines on C18 and C8 CEC columns.     

动物源性食品中地西泮残留量的检测方法研究

采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS/MS)以及液相色谱质谱联用法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定动物源性食品中镇静剂类药物地西泮的残留量。将样品均质粉碎后,经乙腈提取,固相萃取小柱净化后上机检测,外标法定量。实验证明,当固相萃取的洗脱液中甲醇与乙酸溶液的体积比为70：30时,洗脱效率最高。在不同仪器条件下,地西泮在各自浓度范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）均大于0.999,回收率在84.6%~ 101.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.52%~9.44%（n=3）,检出限为0.5 μg·kg^-1（S/N=3,气相色谱质谱联用法以及液相色谱质谱联用法）和10.0 μg·kg^-1（S/N=3,高效液相色谱法）,定量限按照3倍检出限计算; 3种方法均可分析动物源性食品中的地西泮残留量。对比可知,质谱法灵敏度和准确率高,但有一定的基质效应;液相色谱法操作简单,几乎不受基质效应的影响,但灵敏度和准确率不如质谱法。     

Simultaneous Determination of Diazepam,Oxazepam and Temazepam in Spiked Urine By Hplc

ABSTRACT|Oxazepam and temazepam are two minor metabolites of diazepam. These three benzodiazepines may be found in presence of each other in biological fluids.

Therefore, in this study an HPLC method was developed to separate and analyze them. Benzodiazepines have ability to form inclusion complexes with p-cyclodextrin (β-CyD). According to the degree of binding constant with β-CyD, these compounds can be separated by β-CyD bound to silica (cyclobond column) as the stationary phase using HPLC.

The development and validation of the HPLC procedure for the separation and determination of these compounds in mixtures were studied. The mobile-phase system consisted of phosphate buffer (pH 7): methanol [75:25], with flow rate 0.8 ml min^?1 and UV detection at 240 nm was used.

The calibration graphs were rectilinear from 0.1-2.5 μg/ml and coefficients of variation were <2% for the three compounds in bulk forms.

The method was used to analyse these bezodiazepines in spiked urine containing all three compounds in combination. Recoveries were 97-99.8%

The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.05 μg/ml and 0.1 μg/ml, respectively.

The described method is selective, rapid, simple, reproducible and accurate.     

Non-Isotopic Receptor Assay for Benzodiazepine Drugs Using Biotin-Benzodiazepine Conjugate

Abstract

A new receptor assay method for benzodiazepine was developed using biotin-1012S conjugate as a non-isotopic ligand. The concentration of free ligand in the benzodiazepine receptor suspension was determined by an enzymatic solid-phase avidin-biotin binding assay. The competition reaction between the conjugate and diazepam gave a well-defined dose/response curve for diazepam. The receptor assay could also be applied to the determination of an inverse agonist, n-butyl-P-carboline-3 carboxylate.     

以地西泮为例解析药物化学名的命名方法

为了能有效地学习和掌握药物的化学名，笔者以药物地西泮为例，按照"六步命名法则"，全面详细地解析药物化学名的命名方法，并进一步举例验证其普适性，该方法能为学习药物化学名的命名提供帮助，也能为相关专业的教学提供参考。     

Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of prazepam and its main metabolites in human plasma

A method was developed and fully validated for the quantitation of prazepam and its major metabolites, oxazepam and nordiazepam, in human plasma. Sample pretreatment was achieved by solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. The extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with single-quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) with an electrospray ionization interface. The MS system was operated in the selected ion monitoring mode. HPLC was performed isocratically on a reversed-phase XTerra MS C18 analytical column (150 x 3.0 mm i.d., particle size 5 microm). Diazepam was used as the internal standard for quantitation. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 5.0-1000 ng ml(-1) for all compounds analyzed. The limit of quantitation was 5 ng ml(-1) for all compounds. Quality control samples (5, 10, 300 and 1000 ng ml(-1)) in five replicates from three different runs of analysis demonstrated an intra-assay precision (CV) of < or = 9.1%, an inter-assay precision of < or = 6.0% and an overall accuracy (relative error) of < 4.6%. The method can be used to quantify prazepam and its metabolites in human plasma covering a variety of pharmacokinetic or bioequivalence studies.     

高效液相色谱法对吗啡、杜冷丁、安定的同步测定

利用高效液相色谱法同时分析测定了血液中吗啡、杜冷丁、安定的质量浓度。分析柱为C18,流动相为V（甲醇）：V（25mmol／LKH2PO4）＝90：10,检测波长为285nm。样品血液pH8．5～9．4时,用V（氯仿）：V（异丙醇）＝9：1溶液提取,以氮气吹干有机溶剂后用流动相溶解残渣进样分析。线性范围为0．05～50mg／L,最小检出质量浓度为0．05mg／L,日内与日间精密度CV＜6％。     

Mechanism of oxidation of diazepam by 1-chlorobenzotriazole in acidic medium. A kinetic approach

The kinetics of oxidation of diazepam (DZ) by 1-chlorobenzotriazole (CBT) has been studied in HClO₄ medium in the temperature range of 293–323 K. The reactions followed a first order dependence on [CBT], fractional order each in [H⁺] and [DZ]. Activation parameters were evaluated. A negative entropy of activation indicated the involvement of a rigid complex in the activated state. Variation of reaction rate with dielectric constant and the ionic strength are consistent with a mechanism involving the decomposition of a dipole in the rate-determining step. Rate equation is derived to account for the observed kinetic data and the proposed reaction mechanism.     

Anxiety-like behaviour and c-fos expression in rats that inhaled vetiver essential oil

Vetiver essential oil (VEO) has been used in aromatherapy for relaxation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VEO on an anxiety-related behavioural model (the elevated plus-maze, EPM) and immediate-early gene c-fos in amygdala, known to be involved in anxiety. Male Wistar rats were administered diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) for 30 min or inhalated with VEO (1%, 2.5% or 5% w/w) for 7 min prior to exposure to the EPM. Then, the effects of 2.5% VEO, the anxiolytic dose, on c-fos expression in amygdala were investigated. The rats given either 2.5% VEO or diazepam exhibited an anxiolytic-like profile in the EPM. VEO and diazepam significantly increased c-fos expression in the lateral division of the central amygdaloid nucleus (CeL). Therefore, the anxiolytic properties of VEO might be associated with altering neuronal activation in CeL. However, future studies are needed to investigate the precise mechanism of action of VEO.