Polynomial-time approximation schemes for packing and piercing fat objects

We consider two problems: given a collection of n fat objects in a fixed dimension, (1) ( packing) find the maximum subcollection of pairwise disjoint objects, and (2) ( piercing) find the minimum point set that intersects every object. Recently, Erlebach, Jansen, and Seidel gave a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the packing problem, based on a shifted hierarchical subdivision method. Using shifted quadtrees, we describe a similar algorithm for packing but with a smaller time bound. Erlebach et al.'s algorithm requires polynomial space. We describe a different algorithm, based on geometric separators, that requires only linear space. This algorithm can also be applied to piercing, yielding the first PTAS for that problem.     

Microgravity flow regime data and analysis

To utilize the advantageous properties of two-phase flow in microgravity applications, the knowledge base of two-phase flow phenomena must be extended to include the effects of gravity. In the experiment described, data regarding the behavior of two-phase flow in a conduit under microgravity conditions (essentially zero gravity) are explored. Of particular interest, knowledge of the void fraction of the gas and liquid in a conduit is necessary to develop models for heat and mass transfer, pressure drop, and wall shear. An experiment was conducted under reduced gravity conditions to collect data by means of a capacitance void fraction sensor and high speed visual imagery. Independent parameters were varied to map the flow regime regions. These independent parameters include gas and liquid volumetric flow rates and saturation pressures. Void fraction measurements were taken at a rate of 100 Hz with six sensors at two locations along the conduit. Further, statistical parameters were developed from the void fraction measurements. Statistical parameters such as variance, signal-to-noise ratio, half height value, and linear area difference were calculated and found to have characteristics allowing flow regime identification.     

Two-dimensional vermiculite separator for lithium sulfur batteries

A lamellar vermiculite separator assembled with exfoliation vermiculites is developed for lithium sulfur batteries. The vermiculite separator can simultaneously suppress the parasitic reactions induced by polysulfide intermediate shuttle, and prevent the short circuit by potential lithium dendrite penetration with the ultrahigh Young's modulus.     

A Janus Separator based on Cation Exchange Resin and Fe Nanoparticles-decorated Single-wall Carbon Nanotubes with Triply Synergistic Effects for High-areal Capacity Zn−I2 Batteries

Zn−I₂ batteries stand out in the family of aqueous Zn-metal batteries (AZMBs) due to their low-cost and immanent safety. However, Zn dendrite growth, polyiodide shuttle effect and sluggish I₂ redox kinetics result in dramatically capacity decay of Zn−I₂ batteries. Herein, a Janus separator composed of functional layers on anode/cathode sides is designed to resolve these issues simultaneously. The cathode layer of Fe nanoparticles-decorated single-wall carbon nanotubes can effectively anchor polyiodide and catalyze the redox kinetics of iodine species, while the anode layer of cation exchange resin rich in −SO₃⁻ groups is beneficial to attract Zn²⁺ ions and repel detrimental SO₄²⁻/polyiodide, improving the stability of cathode/anode interfaces synergistically. Consequently, the Janus separator endows outstanding cycling stability of symmetrical cells and high-areal-capacity Zn−I₂ batteries with a lifespan over 2500 h and a high-areal capacity of 3.6 mAh cm⁻².     

紫外增强薄膜发射光谱测量中的倍波现象分析

紫外探测技术足继激光和红外探测技术之后发展起来的又一军民两用光电探测技术,在普通探测器件光敏面镀上将紫外波段的光转化为可见波段的光的变频薄膜是增强光电探测器紫外响应的主要技术.文章用"旋涂法"制备成像器件紫外增强薄膜.在对紫外增强薄膜的量子转化效率进行测量分析的实验过程中用SP1702紫外可见光栅光谱仪对薄膜的紫外变频效率进行分析,在激发光源为260和280nm时变频薄膜的发射光谱在520和560 nm附近有较明显的波峰.结合光栅光谱仪的工作原理,对该现象进行了理论分析,得出520和560 nm附近的波峰并非变频薄膜受激发发出的光波,而是光谱测量中产生的倍波现象.从分离重级光谱的角度没计了光谱分级器,以消除光谱测鼍中倍波现象的影响.     

锂离子二次电池用隔膜的制备及其性质

本文采用倒相法制备了锂离子二次电池用的PVDF HFP共聚物型多孔聚合物隔膜 ,该聚合物膜具有良好的机械性能 ,其孔隙率可达 75% ,吸附电解液后增重 4 50 % ,电导率为 10 - 3S/cm ,组装成电池后表现出良好的循环性能和较低的极化率     

天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶基隔膜材料的制备与性能

采用相转换法制备出了以天然橡胶(NR)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)为基的多孔状聚合物锂离子电池隔膜材料,系统研究了成膜的工艺参数及机理.利用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了该聚合物隔膜的微观结构,同时考察了该聚合物膜的吸液保液能力、热稳定性及电化学性能.结果表明,该聚合物膜呈多孔蜂窝状,具有较高的吸液能力,在电解液中浸泡5h后的吸液率达320%,此时该聚合物多孔隔膜的室温电导率也达到了3.93×10-4S/cm;并且保液能力良好,在50℃的空气中保持5h的质量损失仅为31%.同时该聚合物多孔膜具有较宽的电化学稳定窗口和较高的热分解温度,在4.8V和157℃以下能安全使用.与金属锂电极间的界面阻抗在存放10天或经过20次循环伏安扫描内迅速增加,而后趋于稳定,表现出了良好的界面稳定性,有效地抑制了电极与隔膜间的钝化膜(SEI)的进一步生长.     

Trimesitylborane-embedded radical scavenging separator for lithium-ion batteries

Here, we propose a new strategy that employs a functional separator composed of radical scavenging agents for removal of radical species in the cell. In detail, a radical scavenger, trimesitylborane (TRMSB), is embedded on the surface of nano-sized tungsten oxide (WO₃) by a simple one-step process and the resulting nanoparticles are coated onto conventional separators by a dip-coating process. Our screening test performed by chemical reaction of TRMSB with a radical indicator (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) confirms that TRMSB effectively scavenges radical species via a chemical reaction, implying that the use of a WO₃-TRMSB–functionalized separator would be effective for decreasing radical concentrations during electrochemical processes. In our electrochemical tests, the cell cycled with a WO₃-TRMSB–functionalized separator exhibit showed both improved cycling retention compared to a cell cycled with a bare separator and improved physical and mechanical properties.     

侧链型磺化聚芳醚阳离子交换膜在微生物燃料电池中的应用

采用芳香亲核取代反应及溶液铸膜法,制备了一系列具有不同离子交换容量(IEC)的侧链型磺化聚芳醚砜(s SPFAE)阳离子交换膜,并作为分离膜应用于微生物燃料电池(MFC).研究了s SPFAE膜在双室MFC中产电性能并与商用阳离子交换膜进行了对比.s SPFAE膜的IEC为0.97~1.56 mmol/g,厚度约为80μm,在30℃时吸水率为20.9%~41.7%,电导率达到27.3~60.5 m S/cm,高于商用膜(22 m S/cm,420μm).对采用s SPFAE膜的MFC,根据峰功率密度法及极化曲线斜率法得到的MFC内阻约为29~64Ω,随着IEC的升高而降低,库伦效率达到47.7%~55%,其中s SPFAE-1.56膜的最大功率密度达到657.3 m W/m~2,且s SPFAE膜均表现出优于商用膜的产电性能.利用模拟等效电路对整个MFC系统进行EIS分析,结果表明阳极扩散内阻占这类MFC系统总内阻的87%~90%.结合循环伏安曲线、电化学阻抗谱测试及电极电势分析结果,表明分离膜对两极室间物质传递及阳极扩散阻抗有较大的影响.     

聚烯烃锂离子电池隔膜的研究进展

随着信息技术时代的发展,锂离子电池被广泛应用,电池隔膜作为锂离子电池的重要组成部分越发引起大家的重视。聚烯烃锂离子电池隔膜由于其优异的机械性能和化学稳定性,以及相对廉价的特点,在锂离子电池发展初期就被研发应用,已成为锂离子电池隔膜的主流。本文综述了聚烯烃锂离子电池隔膜的制备方法,主要介绍了干法和湿法,及相关的产品。重点阐述了聚烯烃锂离子电池隔膜的性能需求和改性方法,主要包括隔膜的孔隙率、隔膜对电解液的亲和性以及热稳定性等方面。