考虑壁面滑移的Z-W流变模型及其应用

总结了聚合物熔体在剪切溶场壁面滑移研究的成果，提出了Z－W模型的物理概念。该模型考虑了界面分子链和固体壁面间解吸－吸附而发生的滑移。界面分子链和内部分子链间解缠－重新缠结而发生的表观滑移以及变形摩擦滑移。在稳态简单剪切流运过程，模型可以化简为应力和应变的二次微分方程，说明了壁面滑移来源于Cohesive滑移和Adhesive滑移两部分，对于自激振荡相关的多重内振荡和多重外振荡进行了归纳，应用统一模型定性地解释了毛细管实验中剪切应力的非线性，瞬态自激振荡、滑－粘转换和鲨鱼皮等现象，在聚合物熔体振动剪切流动（LAOS）中，统一模型可以简化为杜芬方程，通过模拟发现，该模型可解释小应变振幅下振动剪切时的线性流变行为和在大振幅振动流动中的复杂非线性行为。非线性行为与熔体粘弹性以及近壁面界面层的性质有关，统一模型在特殊情况下还可以简化Joshi模型，结构网络模型，Hatzikiriakos或等效的Graham模型，可见，Z－W模型内内涵比较丰富，适用面较广，也从一个侧面说明该模型具有相当的合理性。     

Macroscopic investigation of the transient hydrodynamic memory behavior of preparative packed chromatography beds

The goal of the present work was to examine the hydrodynamic behavior of preparative scale packed chromatography beds during long-term cyclical operation at high loads using an experimental set-up with a high resolution measuring device of bed height. One agarose-based resin and one methacrylic-based resin were examined in a 140 mm column. Both resins exhibited hysteresis behavior during compression/relaxation cycles. The hystereses were less pronounced with decreasing hydrodynamic stress rate. The occurrence of hystereses was an indication for hydrodynamic memory behavior of the chromatography packing. During long-term cyclical operation at high loads of the column filled with methacrylic resin, oscillations of the steadily with time decreasing flow rate were observed for the first time. These oscillations were attributed to the viscoelasticity of the polymer particles network representing a system with materials with fading memory. Such nonlinear systems with feed-back are known to exhibit inherent self-oscillations. A decoupling of the two processes of bed compression and decrease of bed permeability was observed. The presented results explain why preparative packed-bed chromatography often yields unsatisfactory reproducible data and why unwanted phenomena like medium wall detachment or other symptoms of deteriorated chromatography beds are frequently observed.     

Validation of a flow–structure-interaction computation model of phonation

Computational models of vocal fold (VF) vibration are becoming increasingly sophisticated, their utility currently transiting from exploratory research to predictive research. However, validation of such models has remained largely qualitative, raising questions over their applicability to interpret clinical situations. In this paper, a computational model with a segregated implementation is detailed. The model is used to predict the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) observed in a physical replica of the VFs when it is excited by airflow. Detailed quantitative comparisons are provided between the computational model and the corresponding experiment. First, the flow model is separately validated in the absence of VF motion. Then, in the presence of flow-induced VF motion, comparisons are made of the flow pressure on the VF walls and of the resulting VF displacements. Self-similarity of spatial distributions of flow pressure and VF displacements is highlighted. The self-similarity leads to normalized pressure and displacement profiles. It is shown that by using linear superposition of average and fluctuation components of normalized computed displacements, it is possible to determine displacements in the physical VF replica over a range of VF vibration conditions. Mechanical stresses in the VF interior are related to the VF displacements, thereby the computational model can also determine VF stresses over a range of phonation conditions.     

时均流驱动热声制冷研究进展

时均流驱动热声制冷是热声领域的全新方向,依据该原理工作的热声制冷系统能够利用风能获得制冷效应,完全没有运动部件,为风能利用提供了一种新思路。文中详细介绍了时均流诱导声振荡的工作机理以及时均流驱动热声制冷的最新研究进展,并对该领域的研究进行了展望。     

用于多程放大系统光束反转器的等离子体电极电光开关

 等离子体电极电光开关将用在多程放大系统光束反转器中，作为输出控制和抑制主放大前系统内的自激振荡，由于光束反转器空间限制，等离子体电极电光开关采用一体化结构设计。介绍了紧缩型等离子体电极电光开关特性，以及在多程放大系统中的应用。实验结果表明，等离子体电极电光开关具有优良的开关性能，全口径静态透过率为94%，开关效率为989%，能够有效抑制放大器产生的自激振荡。     

A+B2表面催化反应相变及自振荡的蒙特卡罗模拟

用MonteCarlo法研究了脱附和E－R机理对不可逆催化氧化反应A＋1／2B2→AB的相交和自振荡的影响、结果表明，（1）催化剂表面A的脱附使ZGB模型中的一级相变点消失，但对二级相交点的影响很小；当有E－R机理参与时，二级相交点消失，且E－R过程的几率对一级相交点的影响较大；当A的脱附和E－R过程同时起作用时，上述反应不存在相交（2）在ZGB模型中的二级相变点附近，反应速率随时间的变化具有明显的振荡现象，在其它位置主要表现为噪音。引入A的脱附后在二级相交点附近明显的自振荡现象依然存在；当E-R过程起作用时，随着二级相交点的消失，明显的振荡现象亦随之消失．（3）A的脱附和E－R过程对上述反应相变的影响与A的表面扩散对相变的影响有着本质的区别，因为后者只能改变相变点的位置而不能改变相变点的存在状况．     

介质加载回旋行波管小信号分析

 应用分析回旋行波管绝对不稳定性的Briggs-Bers相碰判据与小信号色散方程，结合介质加载波导的冷场分析，数值计算并比较了不同介质加载条件下回旋行波管工作模式的起振电流与寄生模式的起振长度。改变加载介质的特性参数可以增加行波损耗从而显著提高工作模式起振电流，并抑制掉寄生模式的返波振荡。结合介质加载波导冷场分析与回旋行波管小信号色散方程，分析了介质加载条件下回旋行波管小信号增益，计算得出了不同介质加载条件下的回旋行波管的小信号增益带宽曲线。