Chemical Reconstruction of Pt-Rh(100) Alloy and Pt/Rh(100), Rh/Pt(100) Bimetallic Surfaces

When Cu(110), Ni(l 10), Ag(110) surfaces are exposed to O₂ at room temperature, one dimensional metal-oxygen strings grow in the < 001 > direction of the (110) surfaces. A similar phenomenon occurs in the adsorption of H₂ on Ni( 110) surface at room temperature, where the one dimensional strings grow along the < 110 > direction. These phenomena are undoubtedly different from the adsorption induced reconstruction but are explained by the chemical reconstruction involving the formation of quasi-compounds and their self-ordering on the metal surfaces. The chemical reconstruction is indispensablly important to understand the structure and catalysis of alloy and bimetallic surfaces. Pt_0.25Rh_0.75(100) alloy surface being active for the reaction of NO with H₂ is an interesting example. When the Pt-Rh(100) alloy surface is exposed to NO or O₂ at arround 500 K, a p(3 × 1) ordered Rh-O over-layer is obtained on a Pt-enriched 2nd layer by the chemical reconstruction. Ordering of Rh-0 in the p(3 × 1) structure on the Pt(100) surface was reproduced by heating a Rh/Pt(100) bimetallic surface in O₂, and the chemical reconstruction making the p(3 × 1) Rh-O overlayer on a Pt enriched 2nd layer was also proved by heating a Pt/Rh(100) bimetallic surface in O₂ or NO. The activation mechanism of the Pt-Rh alloy and the Pt/Rh bimetallic surfaces by the chemical reconstruction was evidently shown by using a Pt deposited Rh(100), Pt/Rh(100), surface. That is, the Pt/Rh(100) is not so active for the reaction of NO with H₂, but the reconstructed p(3 × 1)Rh-O/Pt-layer/Rh(100) surface is very active for the reaction. Therefore, it was concluded that the chemical reconstruction of the Pt-Rh catalyst makes the active surface which is composed of Rh-O and a Pt layer.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铂铑合金中铑

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铂铑合金中铑含量的方法。含铑(wRh≤40%)的铂铑合金称样0.1000 g,用盐酸-硝酸(3+1)溶液10 mL和氢氟酸(ρ=1.18 g·mL-1)0.5 mL于微波消解仪中消解完全。选择波长为343.489 nm的谱线作为测定铑的分析线。方法的检出限为0.029 mg·L-1。方法用于分析5个铂铑合金样品,测定值与国家标准方法测定值的相对误差在0.10%~0.40%之间,回收率在99.6%~101.0%之间。     

Pt-Rh型三效催化剂中BaO的作用

研究了以浸溃法制备的以BaO为助剂的Pt-Rh型三效催化剂对C3H8，CO，NOx的三效催化活性。主要考察了BaO不同的添加方式对催化剂三效转化活性的影响，并对催化剂样品进行了XRD，H2-TPR和O2-TPD表征。结果表明：BaO的添加方式的不同，直接影响催化剂的活性。特别是Ba与Ce，Zr以共沉淀的方式形成CeO2-ZrO2-BaO固溶体，可促进催化剂在低温时的水汽转换反应，显著降低了催化剂的起燃温度。     

低贵金属Pt-Rh型三效催化剂空燃比性能的研究

研究了以浸渍法制备的低贵金属Pt-Rh型三效催化剂对C₃H₈, CO, NO的催化活性. 主要考察了CeO₂-ZrO₂和BaO的添加对催化剂空燃比性能的影响, 通过氧化反应、水气变换和蒸汽重整的性能研究, 探讨了催化剂三效工作窗口扩大的原因. 结果表明, 催化剂中只添加CeO₂-ZrO₂时即具有优异的水气变换性能, 蒸汽重整在250 ℃左右发生, 并且在450 ℃以下时C₃H₈的转化率一直保持在20%左右; BaO添加到含有CeO₂-ZrO₂的催化剂中对水气变换和蒸汽重整则有明显的促进作用, 能进一步扩大催化剂的三效工作窗口; 催化剂中只添加CeO₂-ZrO₂时, 能明显提高催化剂对CO的氧化反应活性, 但对C₃H₈的氧化反应的影响则不明显; BaO和CeO₂-ZrO₂同时存在于催化剂中时, 能进一步提高CO的氧化反应活性, 对C₃H₈的氧化反应则没有明显的促进作用.