红景天提取物抗氧化性能分析研究

分离提取了红景天抗氧化成分，利用DPPH分光光度法、光敏化合物微生物法和邻二氮菲-Fe^2＋分光光度法对红景天提取物对氮自由基、单线态氧及羟基自由基的抗氧化性能进行了检测。认为红景天具有良好的综合抗氧化性和开发应用前景，对各检测方法的特点进行了讨论。     

半导体-微生物界面电子传递及其在环境领域的应用

半导体-微生物复合体系在污染物深度降解、 合成有价化学品及元素生物地球化学循环等领域发挥着重要作用, 其界面反应过程的核心是电子转移. 本文重点阐述了微生物/半导体界面上微生物的种类和功能、 半导体的种类及光催化机制, 总结了半导体-微生物界面的直接和间接电子传递途径, 讨论了强化界面电子传递的方法以及半导体与微生物系统的稳定性, 介绍了近年来半导体-微生物复合体系在污染物转化、 化学品合成以及资源循环利用方面的应用现状, 以期为半导体-微生物复合体系的设计及其环境领域应用提供指导.     

Bioenergetics and bioremediation of contaminated soil

The microbial biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds in soil and ground water is constrained by the laws of thermodynamics. Bioremediation is being investigated in a rhizosphere environment in which higher plants provide carbon and energy to sustain the microbial population. Toluene, phenol, trichloroethylene and trichloroethane have been fed in separate experiments to a pilot scale system with alfalfa growing in sandy soil containing less than 10% of silt. It is well known that microbial populations are numerous in the root zone of healthy vegetation. Root exudates can stimulate aerobic microbial biodegradation of compounds which by themselves support growth poorly or not at all. Polynuclear aromatic compounds such as phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene, which are not very soluble in water, and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene are examples of compounds that can be biodegraded in the rhizosphere when root exudates are present to enhance and sustain microbial activity. Solar driven transport processes such as water and solute movements due to evapotranspiration increase the likelihood that the contaminants will come into contact with the microorganisms and be degraded. The thermodynamic and bioenergetic aspects of transport and biodegradation in the rhizosphere are examined through a review of the literature and the analysis of experimental data collected in the pilot scale system.     

Potential of graphene-based materials to combat COVID-19: properties,perspectives, and prospects

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new virus in the coronavirus family that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), emerges as a big threat to the human race. To date, there is no medicine and vaccine available for COVID-19 treatment. While the development of medicines and vaccines are essentially and urgently required, what is also extremely important is the repurposing of smart materials to design effective systems for combating COVID-19. Graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) exhibit extraordinary physicochemical, electrical, optical, antiviral, antimicrobial, and other fascinating properties that warrant them as potential candidates for designing and development of high-performance components and devices required for COVID-19 pandemic and other futuristic calamities. In this article, we discuss the potential of graphene and GRMs for healthcare applications and how they may contribute to fighting against COVID-19.     

Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Ions by Phosphate‐mineralization Bacteria and Its Mechanism

Bioremediation of heavy metal ions by phosphate‐mineralization bacteria (PMB), as a new green and en‐ vironmental method, relies on microbe‐inducing phosphate precipitation and can prevent heavy metal ions from transferring. The growth of PMB was investigated via four aspects respectively — the control of incubation time, pH value, environmental conditions, and heavy metal ions. At the same time, phosphate? mineralization precipitations and mechanism of four common kinds of heavy metal ions were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that PMB didn’t grow immediately in the first 5 hours, and they reached to the fastest reproduction rate after 13 hours. The pH value of PMB solution increased gradually from 7.0 to 8.6 when PM₀B grew, which plays an important role in the mineralization process. PMB could grow most rapidly at 30 °C, pH of 8 and low concentration of heavy metal ions. It showed that too high or too low temperature and pH, as well as high concentration of heavy metal ions, could inhibit the reproduction of PMB. Stable and large particles phosphate ‐ mineralization precipitation, whose particle size could be more than 10 microns, were obtained by the process that PMB induced substrate to decompose and thus mineralized heavy metal ions effectively.     

几种微生物的红外光谱研究

传统的微生物分类及鉴别方法是应用显微镜法、生化法、生理学法及其相结合的方法 .这些方法虽然有效 ,但操作复杂 ,费时费力 ,有时结果的准确度也不十分理想 ,更重要的是这种方法难以实现自动化及计算机化 .傅里叶变换红外光谱 ( FTIR)分辨率高 ,不仅能提供分子基团特征的振动吸收谱带 ,而且能敏锐地探测分子基团及其周围环境的变化 .因此 ,通过测定完整细胞的 FTIR谱可获得细胞的组成及其生物大分子结构的信息 ,用于鉴别细胞种类和细胞的状态 [1～ 4 ] .本文在获得了分辨率高、重现性好的微生物红外谱图的基础上 ,确定了微生物红外谱图…     

毛细管电泳分析微生物的研究进展

介绍了几种方法在微生物分离和检测方面的早期探索与存在的问题,着重论述了毛细管电泳方法分离表征细菌和病毒的研究进展以及毛细管电泳分析微生物的有关机理研究。