一种用于从固体中提取溶质的热提取装置

一种用于从固体中提取溶质的热提取装置王杰，任仲皎，伍明（中南民族学院化学系，武汉４３００７４）在化学合成和天然产物的提取中，传统的方法一般是利用索氏或梯氏提取器来提取溶质，也可用容器直接浸提溶质￣［１］。上述方法一般均需将固体磨成微细颗粒，且提取效率...     

水溶液中溶质标准生成Gibbs自由能的洽合关系

本文结合若干实例,详细讨论了不同类型的溶质在水溶液中溶解前后的标准生成Gibbs自由能之间,以及在水溶液中相关溶质的标准生成Gibbs自由能之间的洽合关系.     

反相液相色谱中固定相和流动相对柱相比的贡献

依据柱相比的热力学定义和反相液相色谱中溶质的计量置换保留理论(the stoichiometric dispheement heory of solute for retention，SDT-R)，对反相液相色谱中固定相和流动相性质、温度对柱相比的影响进行了研究。结果表明：固定相的种类和配基的疏水性对柱相比影响较大，而流动相中有机溶剂的种类，特别是脂肪酸作为置换剂时，对柱相比的影响更大，而柱相比受温度的影响较小。此外，通过用27种小分子溶质对柱相比的测定，其logI和Z良好的线性关系，进一步证明柱相比是一个与溶质性质无关的常数。     

MeOH-H~2O-NaOAc体系(278.2~318.2K)的电导研究

本文测定了278.2~318.2K间的五个温度下七种浓度的NaOAc分别在10, 20,30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90及100%MeOH-H~2O体系中的摩尔电导Λ, 并应用FOS,Pitts, L-W, F-78等四个电导方程对实验数据进行了拟合处理, 得到了三个拟合参数Λ~O, K~Λ及R(或α)。最后, 对四个方程与实验的吻合程度, 温度、溶剂组成等对Λ~O、K~Λ的影响规律及溶质-溶剂相互作用进行了讨论。     

An Integrated Theory of Adsorption and Partition Mechanism and Eash Contribution to Solute Retention in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography

With the combination of the the stoichiometric displacement model for retention (SDM-R) in reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and the stoichiometric displacement model for adsorption (SDM-A) in physical chemistry,the total number of moles of the re-solvated methanol of stationary phase side.nr,and that of solute side in the mobile phase,q,corresponding the one mole of the desorbing solute,were separately determined and referred as the characterization parameters of the contributions of the adsorption mechanism and partition mechanism to the solute retention,respectively.A chromatographic system of insulin,using mobile phase consisting of the pseudo-homologue of alcohols(methanol,ethanol and 2-propanol)-water and trifluoroacetic acid was employed.The maximum number of the methanol layers on the stationary phase surface was found to be 10.6,only 3 of which being valid in usual RPLC,traditionally referred as a volume process in partition mechanism.However,it still follows the SDM-R.Both of q and nr of insulin were found not to be zero,indicating that the retention mechanism of insulin is a mixed mode of partition mechanism and adsorption mechanism.When methanol is used as the organic modifier,the ratio of q/nr was 1.13,indicating the contribution to insulin retention due to partition mechanism being a bit greater than that due to adsorption mechanism.A linear relationship between q,or nr and the carbon number of the pseudo-homologue in the mobile phase was also found.As a methodology for investigating the retention mechanism retention and behavior of biopolymers.a homologue of organic solvents as the organic modifier in mobile phase has also been explored.     

Volumetric and Refractive Index Behaviour of α-Amino Acids in Aqueous CTAB at Different Temperatures

Densities （ρ） and refractive indices （nD） of glycine （Gly）, DL-alanine （Ala）, DL-valine （Val） （0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 mol·L^-1） in 0.005 and 0.008 mol·L^-1 aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） have been measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. The density data have been utilized to calculate apparent molar volumes （φv）, partial molar volumes （φv^0）, at infinite dilution and partial molar volumes of transfer φv^0 （tr） of amino acids. The refractive index data have been used to calculate molar refractivity （Rr,） of amino acids in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. It has been observed that φv^0 varies linearly with increasing number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain of amino acids, and hence, was split to get contributions from the zwitterionic end groups （NH3^＋ COO^-） and methylene group （CH2） of the amino acids. The behaviour of these parameters has been used to investigate the solute-solute, solute-solvent interactions and the effect of cetyltrimethylammoniuln cation on these interactions,     

内耗与固体缺陷研究

 “内耗”这二个字对大家来说并不陌生,但在物理上它的科学涵义是什么,却鲜为人知.让我们先说一说什么叫“内耗”和为什么要进行内耗研究.;物体作机械振动时,即使这物体与外界完全隔绝,它的振动也会渐渐停止,这种由于内部原因而使物体的振动能量逐渐耗散的现象称为内耗.对于高频振动,这种能量耗散也称为超声衰减。在日常生活中,人们经常会碰到内耗现象.钟声悠扬,余音绕梁三日不绝,说明这铸钟所用的合金材料的内耗是很低的.     

理想稀溶液的分子模型与Henry系数

提出了一个理想稀溶液的分子模型,并利用Boltzmann分布定律和Laplace方程导出一个简单的Henry系数表示式,它与溶质分子周围溶剂的内压力或溶剂压密切相关。利用Hildebrand内压力方程,并以纯溶剂的摩尔体积代人,关联了11种气体在正十六烷中的Henry系数随温度变化的实验数据。     

有机液芯光纤拉曼谱测量的研究

我们选用CCl4和CS2混合溶液作为芯液制作了有机液芯光纤,采用后向泵浦的方式测量了光纤的拉曼光谱.实验中发现,随着溶质浓度和光纤长度的变化,拉曼谱强度也随之变化,并存在溶质最佳浓度和最佳光纤长度,这与理论分析值相符,并发现随着溶质浓度的降低,拉曼光谱线宽变窄.     

正丁醇在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺+水溶液中的体积性质

测定了２９８。１５Ｋ时正丁醇＋Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲诺甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）＋水三元系的密度求出正丁醇在ＤＭＦ＋水混合溶剂中的表观摩尔体积。观察２到：⑴Φ＾０．Ｅ～ｆｍ与ＶＤＭＦ＾Ｅ～ｆｍ之间存在相似变化关系，其中Φ２＾０．Ｅ为正丁醇的过量无限稀释表观摩尔体积，ＶＥＭＦ＾Ｅ为ＤＭＦ＋水二元系中ＤＭＦ的过量偏摩尔体积，ｆｍ为混合溶剂中ＤＭＦ的摩尔分数。⑵Ｂ１～ｆｍ与０６２１２＾０．Ｅ～ｆｍ之间存的反向变化关系。Ｂ１