Role of FTFSI Anion Asymmetry on Physical Properties of AFTFSI (A=Li,Na and K) Based Electrolytes and Consequences on Supercapacitor Application

This study compares the physicochemical properties of six electrolytes comprising of three salts: LiFTFSI, NaFTFSI and KFTFSI in two solvent mixtures, the binary (3EC/7EMC) and the ternary (EC/PC/3DMC). The transport properties (conductivity, viscosity) as a function of temperature and concentration were modeled using the extended Jones-Dole-Kaminsky equation, the Arrhenius model, and the Eyring theory of transition state for activated complexes. Results are discussed in terms of ionicity, solvation shell, and cross-interactions between electrolyte components. The application of the six formulated electrolytes in symmetrical activated carbon (AC)//AC supercapacitors (SCs) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation (GCPL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and accelerated aging. Results revealed that the geometrical flexibility of the FTFSI anion allows it to access and diffuse easily in AC whereas its counter ions (Li⁺, Na⁺ or K⁺) can remain trapped in porosity. However, this drawback was partially resolved by mixing LiFTFSI and KFTFSI salts in the electrolyte.     

直流稳压电源波形演示器制作说明

直流稳压电源可以将交流电压变换为直流电压,并使之稳定,在我们现实生活中应用很广泛,在实验中我们利用的电学知识,设计制造了一种直流稳压电源。本文简要介绍了这种直流稳压电源波形演示器的设计目的和电路原理,重点阐述了它的制作流程、滤波和稳压原理以及性能测试输出波形。     

关于非平行板电容器电容计算的讨论

用串联方法计算非平行板电容器的电容，简便地得到与其他方法相同的结果。     

同轴双无衍射光的理论与实验

提出同轴双无衍射光的概念。如果两束汇聚角略有不同的同轴无衍射光同时存在，则它们相互之间叠加干涉后产生一种纵向呈周期变化的光场结构，这是一种新的光束空间分布，这种光束在横向仍是一种同心环光斑，可用于精密对准。而在不同纵向位置，这些同心环的强度分布是不同的，且是周期性变化的。同轴双无衍射光的轴向周期性可用于沿光束传播方向的定位。文中提出了双环缝法、分段圆锥透镜法、正弦相位环光栅法等实现同轴双无衍射光的理论与实验方法，分析了同轴双无衍射光的横向与纵向传播的衍射光斑特性，理论计算与实验测量的结果基本相符合。     

Efficiency Enhancement of Coaxial-Cavity Electron Cyclotron Resonance Maser by Tapering Guide Magnetic Field

A coaxial-cavity cyclotron resonance maser (CRM) oscillator with tapered guide magnetic field is proposed. It is shown that the transmission quality can be improved by tapering the guide magnetic field. Simulation indicates that the efficiency of a millimeter-wave gyrotron oscillator may be reached up to 38.7% by optimizing the tapered magnetic field.     

传输线中脉冲信号反射波的测量和应用

将高频单脉冲信号输入同轴电缆，借助数字存储示波器记录输入、输出端的波形和相对延时，可以测量传输线的电缆长度和衰减系数，同时观察脉冲波形因色散引起的畸变．     

Spectral Domain Analysis of Coaxial Cavities

Coaxial cavities are used in high power gyrotrons as the beam-wave interaction structure. Much research has been devoted to their mode selective properties. A coaxial cavity lacks a sharp boundary at its open end, so it has some physical features that can only be observed using a spectral model, such as frequency-dependent field profiles and mode overlapping effects. These properties are important since cold tests are usually conducted in the frequency domain. This study applies the incident/reflected wave boundary condition to the wave equation of a weakly irregular coaxial waveguide. The resistivity of the wall is considered in the analysis. Calculations reveal that the fixed-position spectrum yields an uncertain resonant frequency and quality factor. Although the maximum-field spectrum can uniquely determine the properties of the coaxial cavity, the resonant frequency obtained using the maximum-field spectral model is inconsistent with that obtained using the temporal model. The field-energy spectrum explains the low Q nature of the coaxial cavity. Moreover, resonant frequencies evaluated using the field-energy spectrum agree precisely with those evaluated using the temporal model.     

链珠状氢氧化亚镍的准电容特性及其在复合型超电容器中的应用(英)

本文采用溶胶凝聚方法制备了超细氢氧化亚镍电极材料并通过在其中掺加适量碳纳米管的方法大大提高了电极的比容量并有效改善了电极材料的阻抗特性。掺有20%碳纳米管的氢氧化亚镍复合电极材料的单电极比容量可达到320 F·g^-1。本文分别采用氢氧化亚镍/碳纳米管复合电极作为正极，活性炭作为负极，6 mol·L^-1 KOH作为电解液制备了复合型电化学电容器。采用上述方法制备的复合型电容器工作电压达到1.6 V，电容器质量比容量达到60 F·g^-1。复合型电容器能量密度达到20.11 Wh·kg^-1，最大功率密度达到8.6 kW·kg^-1,兼具高能量特性和优良的大电流放电特性。     

Preparation of safe water–lipid mixed electrolytes for application in ion capacitor

Aqueous electrolytes are safe, economic, and environmentally friendly. However, they have a narrow potential window. On the other hand, organic electrolytes exhibit good thermodynamic stability but are inflammable and moisture sensitive. In this study, we prepared water–PEG–lipid ternary electrolytes(TEs). To combine the advantages of water, polyethylene glycol(PEG) and propylene carbonate(PC). The nonflammable mixed electrolytes exhibited a wide potential window of about 2.8 V due to the beneficial effects of PEG and PC. Using these TEs, a lithium manganate–active carbon ion capacitor could be operated at 2.4 V with an energy density of 32 Wh/kg, based on the total active electrode material(current density of 3.3 m A/cm~2). This value was significantly higher than that achieved using an aqueous electrolyte, thereby rationalizing the higher energy density.     

高比能高功率全石墨烯锂离子电容器

石墨烯由于拥有超高比表面积和超高电导率而被作为电化学电容器材料广泛研究.本文采用树脂为碳源，通过一种方便快捷的树脂交换法制备一种具有高比表面积的多级孔三维石墨烯（3DG）.经过此种方法的催化、造孔、热处理等主要工艺步骤后，可显著增加石墨烯材料的小、介孔数量，从而提高材料的电化学性能.通过BET测试表明，3DG的比表面积可达2400 m²/g，孔体积达到2.0 cm³/g.以3DG作为正负极材料制备高比能量高功率型锂离子电容器（3DG-LIC），可使3DG-LIC的工作电压从传统超级电容器的2.5 V扩展到4.0 V，能量密度也从20 Wh/kg提高到105 Wh/kg.另外，相同的化学和微观结构能很好地平衡正负极的容量及速率，使高比能量高功率的3DG-LIC具有更宽阔的应用领域.