虚阴极振荡器中微波频率的研究

 在虚阴极振荡器的实验中，同时得到了几百兆瓦5.17GHz和几兆瓦7.74GHz的微波输出。根据虚阴极振荡器的单电荷层模型可知，主频5.17GHz的微波由虚阴极自身振荡产生；7.74GHz 的微波由虚阴极自身振荡与虚阴极振荡或电子往返振荡产生的调制束流相互作用产生。     

Numerical study of chaotic oscillations in the electron beam with virtual cathode in the external non-uniform magnetic fields

In this Letter the results of theoretical investigations of the chaotic microwave oscillator based on the electron beam with a virtual cathode are presented. Nonlinear non-stationary processes in these electron systems are studied by means of numerical analysis of 2.5D model. It was discovered that the non-uniform external magnetic field value controls the dynamical regime of oscillations in the virtual cathode oscillator. The processes of the chaotization of output microwave radiation are described and interpreted from the point of view of the formation and interaction of electron structures (bunches) in the electron beams. The numerical results have shown that the investigated electron system with virtual cathode could be considered as a promising controlled source of wideband chaotic oscillations in the microwave range.     

Effect of external magnetic field on critical current for the onset of virtual cathode oscillations in relativistic electron beams

In this Letter we research the space charge limiting current value at which the oscillating virtual cathode is formed in the relativistic electron beam as a function of the external magnetic field guiding the beam electrons. It is shown that the space charge limiting (critical) current decreases with growth of the external magnetic field, and that there is an optimal induction value of the magnetic field at which the critical current for the onset of virtual cathode oscillations in the electron beam is minimum. For the strong external magnetic field the space charge limiting current corresponds to the analytical relation derived under the assumption that the motion of the electron beam is one-dimensional [D.J. Sullivan, J.E. Walsh, E. Coutsias, in: V.L. Granatstein, I. Alexeff (Eds.), Virtual Cathode Oscillator (Vircator) Theory, in: High Power Microwave Sources, vol. 13, Artech House Microwave Library, 1987, Chapter 13]. Such behavior is explained by the characteristic features of the dynamics of electron space charge in the longitudinal and radial directions in the drift space at the different external magnetic fields.     

轴向反馈式虚阴极振荡器辐射微波模式的远场测定

 采用远场测量法测量了虚阴极振荡器波导口的微波辐射方向图及虚阴极振荡器波导口处接上TM₀₁-TE₁₁模式转换器时的微波辐射方向图,接收喇叭口面与微波辐射口之间的距离为1.00 m,满足远场条件。结果表明：两种情况下的辐射主模式分别为TM₀₁模式和TE₁₁模式,从而证实了在实验装置轴对称的条件下,轴向虚阴极振荡器的微波辐射主模式确为理论所预期的TM₂模式。对辐射模式的分析表明,TM₀₁模式纯度约为90%,TE₁₁模式的辐射功率为TM₀₁模式的5%左右;TE₂₁,TE₀₁和TM₁₁模式三者的总辐射功率较TM₀₁模式低一个量级以上,微波辐射功率大于300 MW,辐射频率为4.6 GHz左右,微波脉宽大于40 ns。     

Focus of high-power microwaves with positive and negative zone plate to increase the receiving power in axial virtual cathode oscillator

We investigated an axial vircator, constructed in a pulsed power generator, called Chundoong, and simulated by a three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation code, MAGIC. We attempted to increase the receiving power of generated microwaves by directing them at a desired focal point. To do so, a positive and negative zone plates (ZPs) are constructed at main frequency 3.5 GHz, and its focal length is 18.8 cm. The power generated from the virtual cathode is 0.72 GW, from which 24.6 kW is received by receiving antenna without a ZP. The receiving power increased significantly to 45.4 kW (92.6%) and 47.5 kW (84.5%) with positive and negative ZPs, respectively. In addition, both positive and negative ZPs have similar focusing properties for the generated microwaves. The ZP contributes significantly to increasing the receiving power. These findings might be useful for real applications to increase the receiving power at a desired focal point.     

The effect of an external signal on output microwave power of a low-voltage vircator

This Letter is devoted to results of the both experimental and theoretical studies of electromagnetic radiation output power gain in the low-voltage microwave generator with a virtual cathode (vircator) under an external harmonic signal leading to the preliminary velocity modulation of the electron beam. The simple theoretical model of the electron beam with virtual cathode in a diode gap with retarding field under the external signal has been developed. The theoretical and numerical analysis have shown the possibility of power amplification in the vircator under the external influence. Obtained results of the theoretical consideration are proven by the experimental study.     

电子束激励TM模虚阴极振荡器的分析

 从理论上对实心电子束和空心电子束激励轴向虚阴极振荡器产生高功率微波的情况进行了比较分析。通过数值计算比较了在相同的结构参数条件下输出微波功率的大小。分别讨论了在激励TM₀₁和高阶TM₀₂，TM₀₃模式时电子束半径的优化值。用KARAT软件进行粒子模拟初步验证了数值计算的结果。数值计算和粒子模拟结果均表明：要在轴向虚阴极振荡器中有效地激励TM₀₁主模式，应采用实心电子束；而空心电子束则在激励高阶TM_0n模式时，可能更为有效。     

向内发射同轴虚阴极振荡器实验研究

 同轴型虚阴极振荡器是一种较有发展潜力的虚阴极振荡器，对西北核技术研究所近期的同轴型虚阴极振荡器实验的结果进行了介绍。实验结果表明，在不带有阳极反射板的同轴虚阴极振荡器中，产生微波的主模为TE₁₁模，与常规的轴向发射虚阴极振荡器相比，其主频稳定且带宽较窄；在二极管电压300kV，电流18kA条件下，获得了功率约为200MW的高功率微波脉冲，效率约为3.6%，工作频率为2.7GHz。     

TM01模虚阴极振荡器实验研究

 在SPARK-04强流相对论电子束加速器上，对轴向反馈式虚阴极振荡器进行了实验研究，并采用远场测量方法对其激励的高功率微波辐射进行了测量，测得了微波辐射主模及辐射功率。结果表明：微波辐射主模为TM₀₁模，辐射功率大于500 MW，微波转换效率大于3%，辐射频率约3.6 GHz，微波脉宽大于20 ns。同时，采用单反射面Vlasov天线，实现了该器件所激励高功率微波的定向传输。     

碳纤维阴极对输出脉宽及能量的影响

 在反射三极管实验平台上，通过浸渍碘化铯(CsI)碳纤维阴极与不锈钢阴极实验对比，研究了碳纤维阴极对虚阴极振荡器输出微波脉宽及能量的影响。实验得出碳纤维阴极虚阴极振荡器输出微波脉宽约200 ns，较不锈钢阴极虚阴极振荡器增加了30%；对输出微波脉宽面积近似积分，得出碳纤维阴极虚阴极振荡器与不锈钢阴极虚阴极振荡器的输出微波脉宽面积比值约为2.273，表明碳纤维阴极虚阴极振荡器输出微波能量是不锈钢阴极虚阴极振荡器的2倍左右。分析认为碳纤维阴极的材料特性及其综合发射机制导致阴阳极间等离子体膨胀速度及温度降低，延缓了阴阳极间隙的闭合，从而增加了输出微波脉宽，提高了微波输出能量。