Development of the fast arcing protection for ECRH system on the HL-2A tokamak

1 Introduction A series of engineering tests and physical experiments,including ECRH[1],was carried out on the HL-2A tokamak in 2005.A fast arcing protection system[2] was developed to ensure operating of ECRH facilities[3],especially the gyrotron,against arcing in the transmission line.     

碳环管的发现与生长机理初探

C60笼状结构的发现，极大地丰富了碳的结构化学，在进一步的研究中又发现了碳纳米管、“巴基葱”等新的结构形式．Chernozatonskil等还研究了碳环管（Tori）的独特结构，并预测其具有特别的电磁性质［1］．最近，我们在实验中观察到了可能具有这种结构的样品的透射电镜（TEM）图像，并由此探讨了它们的生长机理．样品的制备采用电弧法制C60的装置［2］，但是在纯氮气氛中进行，且在作为阳极的石墨棒外缘裹上一层铝箔，实验采用直流电弧，腔内氮气压力75kPa．放电结束后收集阴极碳棒上的沉积物与腔内的烟灰，研磨成细粉后，在稀盐酸中充…     

HL-2A装置电子回旋系统弧光探测器的改进

介绍了HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热系统打火保护装置的改进。在改进设计过程中,实测了2类光电转换模块、4种型号的运算放大器芯片,定量测量了防自激电容的性能。选择了GGOE-2型光电转换器件,OPA128LM型运算放大器,确定了防自激电容为30pF。制作了30个原型机,满足了2009年HL-2A装置的要求。实验测得响应时间平均值为1.2μs,较改进前方案的小。此弧光探测器能够在不同强度的本底光和复杂电磁环境下稳定工作。     

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介绍了HL-2A装置低杂波加热系统中的低压部分实时保护系统的原理和工作情况。实时保护电路工作可靠,系统低压部份响应延迟时间小于1μs。在2004年的单只速调管实验中,对波导内拉弧打火,速调管管体电流和速调管集电极过流进行了实时保护,各个保护对象都有专用的探头进行测量,其中管体电流探头精度达到0.7%。实验信号的分析表明保护系统的设计达到了实验要求,有效地保护了实验对象。     

大动态范围数控弧光探测器的研制

针对HL-2A/M 高功率微波加热系统微波窗口真空侧对弧光探测的要求,基于三级放大电路和微控制器技术,完成电路设计,研制了新型弧光探测器。增益8 挡数字可调,保护阈值以20mV 的精度0~5V 数字可调,具有远程操作和数字显示功能。在不同增益和保护阈值条件下,实验测得其响应时间最大为2.56μs,能在复杂电磁环境和不同强度干扰光的条件下稳定工作,满足系统要求。     

HL-2A装置电子回旋打火保护系统设计

电子回旋打火保护系统由打火弧光探测器、A/D转换单元和逻辑处理单元组成。弧光探测器响应时间小于2μs,A/D转换单元和逻辑处理单元响应时间小于1μs。打火保护系统输出保护信号关断各供电电源的响应时间小于20μs。     

Increase of the roughness of the stainless-steel anode surface due to the exposure to high-voltage electric pulses as revealed by atomic force microscopy

The changes of the stainless-steel electrode surface morphology occurring due to dissolution of the anode under the action of electric pulses which are commonly utilized in cell electromanipulation procedures, have been studied by using atomic force microscopy. The surface of the polished electrode was rather smooth--the average roughness was 13-17 nm and the total roughness 140-180 nm. After the treatment of the chamber filled with 154 mM NaCl solution to a series of short (about 20 mus), high-voltage (4 kV) pulses, the roughness of the surface of the anode has increased, depending on the total amount of the electric charge that has passed through the unit area of the electrode, and exceeded 400 nm for the dissolution charge of 0.24 A s/cm(2). No changes of the cathode surface were detected. Well-defined peaks with the width of 1-2 mum and the height of over 400 nm have appeared. These peaks create local enhancements of the electric field at the interface between the solution and the electrode surface which can lead to the non-homogeneity treatment of cells by electric pulses and can facilitate the occurrence of the electrical breakdown of the liquid samples.     

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介绍了HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热系统打火保护装置的改进。在改进设计过程中,实测了2类光电转换模块、4种型号的运算放大器芯片,定量测量了防自激电容的性能。选择了GGOE-2型光电转换器件,OPA128LM型运算放大器,确定了防自激电容为30pF。制作了30个原型机,满足了2009年HL-2A装置的要求。实验测得响应时间平均值为1.2μs,较改进前方案的小。此弧光探测器能够在不同强度的本底光和复杂电磁环境下稳定工作。