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1.
L.-H. Tang P. Smilauer D.D. Vvedensky 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,2(3):409-412
Two types of mechanisms are proposed for mound coarsening during unstable epitaxial growth: stochastic, due to deposition
noise, and deterministic, due to mass currents driven by surface energy differences. Both yield the relation H=(RWL)2 between the typical mound height W, mound size L, and the film thickness H. An analysis of simulations and experimental data shows that the parameter R saturates to a value which discriminates sharply between stochastic () and deterministic () coarsening. We derive a scaling relation between the coarsening exponent 1/z and the mound-height exponent which, for a saturated mound slope, yields .
Received: 11 November 1997 / Revised in final form: 28 November 1997 /
Accepted: 28 November 1997 相似文献
2.
In Situ Observation of Skeletal Shape Transition during BaB2O4 Crystal Growth in High-Temperature Solution 下载免费PDF全文
The transition from a fiat solid-liquid interface to a skeletal shape during BaB2O4 (BBO) single crystal growth in Li2B4O7 flux is observed in real time by an optical high-temperature in-situ observation system. The movement of crystal step is also investigated. The observation results demonstrate that the steps propagate along and parallel to the fiat interface when the crystal size is small. Nevertheless, they will ‘bend' close to the face centre if the crystal size becomes greater. Atomic force microscopy reveals that more deposition places near the face centre give rise to the bending of advancing steps and thus the formation of a vicinal interface structure. Measurements of step velocity show that the velocity keeps nearly constant at different moments for one specific step, whereas the step on a newly formed layer advanced faster than that on a previously formed one when the crystal size is larger than 210μm or so. Thus interracial morphological instability occurs and a skeletal interface is obtained. 相似文献
3.
The currently operating X-ray imaging observatories provide us with an exquisitely detailed view of the Megaparsec-scale plasma atmospheres in nearby galaxy clusters. At z<0.05, the Chandra 's 1″ angular resolution corresponds to linear resolution of less than a kiloparsec, which is smaller than some interesting linear scales in the intracluster plasma. This enables us to study the previously unseen hydrodynamic phenomena in clusters: classic bow shocks driven by the infalling subclusters, and the unanticipated “cold fronts,” or sharp contact discontinuities between regions of gas with different entropies. The ubiquitous cold fronts are found in mergers as well as around the central density peaks in “relaxed” clusters. They are caused by motion of cool, dense gas clouds in the ambient higher-entropy gas. These clouds are either remnants of the infalling subclusters, or the displaced gas from the cluster's own cool cores. 相似文献
4.
P. Paasche C. Angelescu S. Ananthamurthy D. Biswas T. Valenzuela G. Werth 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,22(2):183-188
We have measured the storage instabilities of electrons in a Penning trap at low magnetic fields. These measurements are carried
out as a function of the trapping voltage, for different magnetic fields. It is seen that these instabilities occur at the
same positions when the trapping voltage is expressed as a percentage of the maximum voltage, given by the stability limit.
The characteristic frequencies at which these instabilities occur, obey a relation that is given by n
zω
z + n
+ω
+ + n
-ω
- = 0, where ω
z, ω
+ and ω
- are the axial, perturbed cyclotron and the magnetron frequencies of the trapped electrons respectively, and the n's are integers. The reason for these instabilities are attributed to higher order static perturbations in the trapping potential.
Received 5 August 2002 / Received in final form 14 October 2002 Published online 17 December 2002
RID="a"
ID="a"Present address: Dept. of Physics, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat, Birbhum, West Bengal, India.
RID="b"
ID="b"e-mail: werth@mail.uni-mainz.de 相似文献
5.
W. Yu 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2007,31(4):509-511
The HERMES Collaboration installed a new Recoil Detector to upgrade the existing spectrometer to study hard exclusive processes
which provide access to generalised parton distributions (GPDs) and hence to the orbital angular momentum of quarks. The HERMES
Recoil Detector mainly consists of three components: a silicon detector surrounding the target cell inside the beam vacuum,
a scintillating fibre tracker and a photon detector with three layers of tungsten and scintillator bars in three different
orientations. All three detectors are located inside a solenoidal magnet which provides a 1T longitudinal magnetic field.
The Recoil Detector was installed in January 2006 and data taking will last until July of 2007. 相似文献
6.
P. Mason N. Marginean G. Montagnoli S. Beghini F. Scarlassara E. Farnea C. A. Ur A. Meroni A. M. Stefanini L. Corradi E. Fioretto I. V. Pokrovskiy B. Guiot A. Gadea J. J. Valiente-Dobón F. Della Vedova R. Orlandi E. Sahin D. R. Napoli L. Berti N. Toniolo S. Szilner M. Trotta M. Romoli M. La Commara D. Pierroutsakou M. Sandoli G. Pollarolo G. Benzoni 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2007,150(1):359-361
PRISMA is a magnetic
spectrometer installed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (Italy)
and designed for A=100–200, E=5–10 MeV-per-nucleon beams, and for
possible use with the proposed radioactive beam facility SPES. The
foremost features of the instrument are presented, along with the
outline of two data analyses exemplifying the effectiveness of
PRISMA-CLARA in studies of reaction
dynamics. 相似文献
7.
Chiral Symmetry Breaking During Growing Process of NaClO3 Crystal under Direct-Current Electric Field 下载免费PDF全文
We investigate the influence of dc electric field on chiral symmetry breaking during the growing process of NaClO3 crystal. Nucleation and growth of NaClO3 are completed from an aqueous solution by a fast cooling temperature technology. A pair of polarization microscopes are used to identify a distribution of chiral crystals. Experimental results indicate that the dc electric field has an effect on distribution of chirality, but the direction of the dc electric field is not sensitive to the chiral autocatalysis and selectivity, i.e. the nature convection driving by the gravity does not play an important role on a thin layer of NaClO3 solution. The experimental phenomena may be elucidated by the ECSN mechanism. 相似文献
8.
C.J. Tun C.H. Kuo Y.K. Fu C.W. Kuo Mitch M.C. Chou G.C. Chi 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2009,311(14):3726-3730
This study demonstrates a pure c-plane AlGaN epilayer grown on a γ-LiAlO2 (1 0 0) (LAO) substrate with an AlN nucleation layer grown at a relatively low temperature (LT-AlN) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The AlGaN film forms polycrystalline film with m- and c-plane when the nucleation layer grows at a temperature ranging from 660 to 680 °C. However, a pure c-plane AlGaN film with an Al content of approximately 20% can be obtained by increasing the LT-AlN nucleation layer growth temperature to 700 °C. This is because the nuclei density of AlN increases as the growth temperature increases, and a higher nuclei density of AlN deposited on LAO substrate helps prevent the deposition of m-plane AlGaN. Therefore, high-quality and crack-free AlGaN films can be obtained with a (0 0 0 2) ω-rocking curve FWHM of 547 arcsec and surface roughness of 0.79 nm (root-mean-square) using a 700-°C-grown LT-AlN nucleation layer. 相似文献
9.
R. T. de Souza N. Le Neindre A. Pagano K. -H. Schmidt 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2006,30(1):275-291
This review on second- and third-generation multidetectors devoted to heavy-ion collisions aims to cover the last twenty years.
The presented list of devices is not exhaustive but regroups most of the techniques used during this period for nuclear reactions
at intermediate energy (≃ 10A MeV to 1A GeV), both for charged-particle and neutron detection. The main part will be devoted
to 4π multidetectors, projectile decay fragmentation, high-resolution magnetic spectrometers, auxiliary detectors and neutron
detection. The last part will present the progress in electronics and detection in view of the construction of future-generation
detectors. 相似文献
10.
Effects of the single or simultaneous addition of trace Ti and B (?1 at.%) on the glass-forming ability (GFA) and crystallization behaviors of Al88Ni6La6 and Al89Ni6La5 amorphous alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The addition of trace Ti and B deteriorates the GFA, but improves the thermal stability especially if Ti is added singly. The crystallization onset temperature Tx1 of the first exothermic peak increases by 29.5 and 18.0 K when 1% of the Al atoms in Al88Ni6La6 and Al89Ni6La5 are replaced by Ti, respectively. However, the primary phase during annealing remains unchanged. 相似文献