YBa2Cu3O7-δ/La0.6Pb0.4MnO3多层膜的制备及激光感生热电电压效应的研究

采用脉冲激光沉积法在倾斜LaAlO3(100)衬底上制备了(YBa2Cu3O7-δ/La0.6Pb0.4MnO)L(L为多层膜周期数)外延多层膜.X射线衍射谱显示(YBCO/LPMO)L多层膜沿c轴生长.观察到多层膜中有很大的激光感生热电电压(LITV)出现,与YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)和La0.6Pb0.4MnO3(LPMO)单层膜相比,多层膜的LITV信号有约一个数量级的增强.讨论了影响(YBCO/LPMO)L多层膜的LITV效应的因素.     

从功能定理到热力学第一定律到普遍的能量守恒定律

着重阐明功和能的根本意义，在质点的功能定理和质心系的基础上说明摩擦生热及热力学第一定律的意义，最后说明普遍的能量守恒定律的建立过程及其意义。     

A comparison of different entransy flow definitions and entropy generation in thermal radiation optimization

In thermal radiation, taking heat flow as an extensive quantity and defining the potential as temperature T or the black body emissive power U will lead to two different definitions of radiation entransy flow and the corresponding principles for thermal radiation optimization. The two definitions of radiation entransy flow and the corresponding optimization prin ciples are compared in this paper. When the total heat flow is given, the optimization objectives of the extremum entransy dissipation principles （EEDPs） developed based on potentials T and U correspond to the minimum equivalent temperature difference and the minimum equivalent blackbody emissive power difference respectively. The physical meaning of the definition based on potential U is clearer than that based on potential T, but the latter one can be used for the coupled heat transfer optimization problem while the former one cannot. The extremum entropy generation principle （EEGP） for thermal radiation is also derived, which includes the minimum entropy generation principle for thermal radiation. When the radiation heat flow is prescribed, the EEGP reveals that the minimum entropy generation leads to the minimum equivalent thermodynamic potential difference, which is not the expected objective in heat transfer. Therefore, the minimum entropy generation is not always appropriate for thermal radiation optimization. Finally, three thermal radiation optimization examples are discussed, and the results show that the difference in optimization objective between the EEDPs and the EEGP leads to the difference between the optimization results. The EEDP based on potential T is more useful in practical application since its optimization objective is usually consistent with the expected one.     

氧压对SrTiO3和SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜晶格参数的影响及激光感生热电电压效应

采用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了SrTiO3和SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜.X射线衍射分析表明在LaAlO3(100)单晶平衬底上生长的SrTiO3及SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜是沿[001]取向的近外延生长.随着氧压在一定范围内逐渐增大,SrTiO3薄膜的晶格参数减小,而SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜的晶格参数先减小后增大.同时摸索出制备具有二维电子气超晶格(SrTiO3/SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3).的最佳氧压为1.0×10-2Pa.另外在LaAlO3(100)倾斜衬底上制备的SrNb0.2Ti0.8O3薄膜中观察到激光感生热电电压效应.     

外场作用下聚合物滞后生热效应

为了研究振动参数对聚合物黏弹性能及塑化成型过程的影响,深入分析了振动场的作用机理,揭示了相位角与滞后生热率之间的关系,得出了振动场作用下聚合物塑化成型速率表达式,最后通过聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)动态毛细管挤出以及多维振动塑化成型设备进行实例计算和实验研究,实验结果和理论计算值符合得很好,并得出结论: PET塑化速率随振动频率的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,当激振频率趋向于材料固有频率时(振动频率约为15 Hz时),PET塑化速率达到最大值,当振幅为6 MPa时,其值约为22 g/min,为相同振幅下,频 关键词： 振动场 滞后生热 相位角 低温成型     

[(SrTiO3)n/(SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3)m]20/LaAlO3超晶格的制备及其激光感生热电电压效应

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)镀膜技术在倾斜10°的LaAlO3(100)单晶衬底上制备了(SrTiO3)n/(SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3)m系列超晶格.在超晶格薄膜的XRD图谱中清楚地观察到周期调制的卫星峰结构.从卫星峰的分布计算了超周期,进而得到了在生长SrTiO3和SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3时的沉积速率,分别为0.78 /pulse和0.57 /pulse.在超晶格薄膜中发现了激光感生热电电压(LITV)效应,说明这种人造原子层热电堆结构具有Seebeck系数各向异性.研究发现,在SrTiO3介电层厚度n=46.8 nm,SrTi0.8Nb0.2O3导电层厚度m=19.0 nm时LITV信号的平均峰值电压最大U -P=0.7 V/mJ·mm,n=46.8 nm,m=11.4 nm时LITV信号的平均响应时间最小τ -=124 ns.     

Effect of anisotropy on thermoelastic contact problem

This paper is concerned with the stationary plane contact of an insulated rigid punch and a half-space which is elastically anisotropic but thermally conducting. The frictional heat generation inside the contact region due to the sliding of the punch over the half-space surface and the heat radiation outside the contact region are taken into account. With the help of Fourier integral transform, the problem is reduced to a system of two singular integral equations. The equations are solved numerically by using Gauss-Jacobi and trapezoidal-rule quadratures. The effects of anisotropy and thermal effects are shown graphically.     

丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶复合体系动态力学性能

生热;动态力学损耗;丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶复合体系动态力学性能     

超巨磁电阻薄膜在光探测上的新应用

混合价态钙钛矿锰氧化物在外界温度变化和磁场作用下表现出巨大的磁电阻(colossal magnetoreslstance，简记为CMR)效应，引起了人们的广泛关注．由于CMR材料在传感器、探测器以及硬盘读出磁头等应用器件研发上极具潜力，科学家们对其进行了大量研究．文章在简单介绍CMR材料结构和机理的基础上，着重报道了作者利用CMR薄膜的激光感生热电电势(LITV)制备激光功率／能量探测器和利用电阻在室温附近的巨大变化研制光热辐射探测器(bolometer)方面的新进展．     

负热膨胀化合物钨酸锆（ZrW2O8）

世界上的大多数物质都具有热胀冷缩的特性，但也存在着另一类物质，对它们加热时会发生热收缩现象．这类物质称为负热膨胀物质(negative thermal expansion，简称为NTE)．美国加州大学Santa Cruz分校的Z．Schlesinger教授所领导的研究组对此开展了工作，他们认为复合的振动模式导致了这类NTE物质的存在．