Electrochemical Characterization of Egyptian Blue Pigment in Wall Paintings Using the Voltammetry of Microparticles Methodology

The solid state voltammetric response of Egypt blue, Han blue and ploss blue pigments upon attachment to graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 is studied by voltammetry of microparticles and scanning electrochemical microscopy. Such voltammetric responses, combined with those for synthetic specimens consisting of binary mixtures of the pigment and SiO₂ or CaCO₃ as well as ternary ones of CaCO₃ and SiO₂ mixtures allow for the identification of the pigment and the support in samples from wall paintings using different electrochemical parameters, in particular upon performing the Tafel and modified Tafel analysis of voltammetric peaks. Identification of Egypt blue in microsamples of murals from a Roman archaeological site in Castulo (Jaén, Spain) is discussed.     

Construction of two fluorescence‐labeled non‐combined DNA index system miniSTR multiplex systems to analyze degraded DNA samples in the Chinese Han Population

MiniSTR loci have been demonstrated to be an effective approach in recovering genetic information from degraded specimens, because of the reduced PCR amplicon sizes which improved the PCR efficiency. Eight non‐combined DNA index system miniSTR loci suitable for the Chinese Han Population were analyzed in 300 unrelated Chinese Han individuals using two novel five fluorescence‐labeled miniSTR multiplex systems(multiplex I: D10S1248, D2S441, D1S1677 and D9S2157; multiplex II: D9S1122, D10S1435, D12ATA63, D2S1776 and Amelogenin). The allele frequency distribution and forensic parameters in the Chinese Han Population were reported in this article. The Exact Test demonstrated that all loci surveyed here were found to be no deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The accumulated power of discrimination and power of exclusion for the eight loci were 0.999999992 and 0.98, respectively. The highly degraded DNA from artificially degraded samples and the degraded forensic case work samples was assessed with the two miniSTR multiplex systems, and the results showed that the systems were quite effective.     

浙江丽水地区畲族与汉族成人头影测量分析对比研究

目的 比较畲族和汉族成人头影测量标准值的差别，为临床正畸治疗错牙合畸形提供依据。方法 按照准入标准选择浙江丽水地区汉族和畲族成人正常牙合各40 例，均拍摄头颅X线侧位片,采用北京大学口腔医院头影测量分析法进行测量分析。结果 测量结果显示，畲族成人的面角、上下中切牙夹角、Y 轴角以及下颌平面角（MP-FH）和上中切牙突距均较汉族显著增加（P＜0.05 或0.01），而颌凸角及下中切牙突距显著减小（P＜0.01）；畲族女性成人下颌平面角（MP-SN）和面角均较男性成人显著增加（P＜0.05），其他测量指标差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 畲族成人较汉族相对是长面型，垂直生长型较多。而畲族男女比较，女性长面型较男性更明显。     

Cucurbitane Glycosides from Siraitia grosvenorii

Systematic phytochemical studies of the extract of Luo Han Go (Siraitia grosvenorii) furnished six known cucurbitane glycosides, namely, mogrosides IVa, mogrosides V and VI, isomogroside V, 11-oxomogroside V, and siamenoside I. The structures of all the isolated compounds were characterized on the basis of extensive spectral and chemical studies. Though the partial NMR spectral data has been reported for some of the isolated compounds previously, the complete ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral assignments of all the isolated compounds are reported herewith for the first time based on COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY spectroscopic data.     

Spectrum Analysis of the Colored Pottery Figurines from Yangling Tombs of the Han Dynasty

ABSTRACT

The analysis of the colored pottery figurines from Yangling Tombs of the Han Dynasty was realized by X-ray diffraction, emission spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS). Consequent results showed that the colored components were respectively mercuric(II) sulphide, ferric (III) oxide, and carbon, among which mercuric(II) sulphide was an artificial pigment.     

乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族和汉族妇女血清钙比较研究

对新疆乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族和汉族妇女血清钙进行了测定，并作了比较研究，结果表明，维族妇女血钙明显低于汉族妇女，原因尚待探讨。     

老山汉墓土遗址盐分调查与分布规律探索

老山汉墓土遗址中可溶-微溶盐导致遗址表面酥碱、起甲、泛白和块状脱落等病害较为严重.利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及离子色谱(IC)等方法测定了老山汉墓遗址不同取样位置及距遗址表面不同深度处可溶盐的成分及含量,并分析了盐分对遗址破坏的可能机制.结果表明,该遗址的主要有可溶盐有Na2SO4、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na Cl、Na12Mg7(SO4)13·15H2O,微溶盐有Ca SO4、Ca SO4·2H2O,此外还含有少量的Ca Cl2、KNO3、KCl、Mg Cl2、K2SO4、Mg SO4等盐分.随着取样深度增加,各盐分的种类及含量有所减少,此分布规律可能与可溶盐的赋存环境及水分运移有关.试验结果对于老山汉墓土遗址的保护措施具有一定的参考价值.     

Allele and haplotype diversity of new multiplex of 19 ChrX‐STR loci in Han population from Guanzhong region (China)

X‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (X‐STRs) have been proved to be useful for some deficiency paternity cases in recent years. Here, we studied the genetic polymorphisms of 19 X‐STR loci (DXS10148‐DXS10135‐DXS8378, DXS10159‐DXS10162‐DXS10164, DXS7132‐DXS10079‐DXS10074‐DXS10075, DXS6809‐DXS6789, DXS7424‐DXS101, DXS10103‐HPRTB‐DXS10101 and DXS7423‐DXS10134) in 252 male and 222 female individuals from Guanzhong Han population, China. No deviation for all 19 loci was observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphism information content values of the panel of 19 loci were more than 0.5 with the exception of the locus DXS7423. The combined power of discrimination were 0.9999999999999999999994340 in females and 0.9999999999997662 in males, respectively; and the combined mean exclusion chances were 0.999999993764 in duos and 0.999999999997444 in trios, respectively. The haplotype diversities for all the seven clusters of linked loci were more than 0.9. The results showed that the panel of 19 X‐STR loci were powerful for forensic applications in Guanzhong Han population. Locus by locus population comparisons showed significant differences at more than seven loci between Guanzhong Han population and the groups from North America, Europe and Africa.     

A new approach to detect a set of SNP-SNP markers: Combining ARMS-PCR with SNaPshot technology

Microhaplotypes are a new promising type of forensic genetic marker. Without the interference of stutter and high mutation rates as for STRs, and with short amplification lengths and a higher degree of polymorphism than single SNP, microhaplotypes composed of two SNPs, SNP–SNP, have a strong application potential. Currently, the most common method to detect microhaplotypes is massive parallel sequencing. However, the cost and extensive use of instruments limit its wide application in forensic laboratories. In this study, we screened 23 new SNP–SNP loci and established a new detection method by combining a multiplex amplification refractory mutation system-based PCR (ARMS-PCR) and SNaPshot technology based on CE. First, we introduced an additional deliberate mismatch at the antepenultimate base from the 3′ end of primers when designing ARMS-PCR for SNP 1 (the first SNP of the SNP–SNP). Then, single base extension primers for SNaPshot assay were designed next to the position of SNP 2 (the second SNP). Finally, 15 loci were successfully built into four panels and these loci showed a relatively high level of polymorphism in the Southwest Chinese Han population. All the loci had an average probability of informative genotypes (I value) of 0.319 and a combined discrimination power of 0.999999999. Therefore, this new detection system will provide a valuable supplement to current methods.     

Developing and population analysis of a new multiplex panel of 18 microhaplotypes and compound markers using next generation sequencing and its application in the Shaanxi Han population

Compound marker consists of two different types of genetic markers, like deletion/insertion polymorphism and single nucleotide polymorphism in the genomic region of 200 bp, and microhaplotype consists of a series of closely linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in a small DNA segment (<300 bp), which show great potential for human identifications and mixture analyses. In this study, we initially selected 23 novel genetic markers comprising 10 microhaplotypes and 13 compound markers according to previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism or deletion/insertion polymorphism loci. Genetic distributions of these 23 loci in different continental populations showed that they could be used as valuable loci for forensic human identification purpose. Besides, high informativeness values (>0.1) were observed in six loci which could be further employed for forensic ancestry analyses. Finally, 18 loci were successfully developed into a multiplex panel and detected by the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Further analyses of these 18 loci in the studied Shaanxi Han population showed that 15 loci exhibited relatively high expected heterozygosities (>0.5). Cumulative power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 99 4835) of these 18 loci revealed that the multiplex panel could also be utilized for human identifications in the studied Shaanxi Han population.