社会分配的和谐结构

实现和谐社会需要一个与之相适应的社会分配结构.借助基尼系数描述了一种和谐的社会分配结构.通过观察和分析我国近年的经济数据可以发现,为实现和谐的分配状态,我们必须应对许多严峻挑战:城乡差别依旧过大;接近占总人口20%的最贫困人群几乎没有财富积累;过大的地下经济扭曲并影响了社会的公平分配.进行社会分配必须兼顾均衡与效率.要实现和谐的分配状态,可以有许多考虑和选择.建议采取法律、法规、科技、政策和行政的各种手段,要坚决消灭近20%最贫困人群的入不敷出的情形;要全力打造中等收入阶层;要加大取缔黑色收入规范灰色收入的力度;要加快城镇化建设的步伐;要积极营建促进全民创业的环境.     

Rarefaction on natural compound extracts diversity among genus

The aim of our study was to investigate the intrinsic diversity of genus based on chemical composition of natural extracts of Cacalia, Dracocephalum, Jatropha, Saussurea and Senecio. Four rarefaction approaches (richness, Shannon's entropy, Simpson's diversity, and max-entropy) were implemented as an algorithm and run 10,000 times. Our results showed similar patterns of richness in natural compounds according to genus and of Simpson's diversity index while max-entropy has a similar pattern as Shannon's entropy. The analysis of both richness in active compounds and weight of most frequent extracted compound revealed that Dracocephalum genus is most suitable for propagation.     

Mechanism of the formation of singularities for quasilinear hyperbolic systems with linearly degenerate characteristic fields

One often believes that there is no shock formation for the Cauchy problem of quasilinear hyperbolic systems (of conservation laws) with linearly degenerate characteristic fields. It has been a conjecture for a long time (see Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 2004; 172 :65–91; Compressible Fluid Flow and Systems of Conservation Laws in Several Space Variables. Springer: New York, 1984) and it is still an open problem in the general situation up to now. In this paper, a framework to justify this conjecture is proposed, and, by means of the concept such as the strict block hyperbolicity, the part richness and the successively block‐closed system, some general kinds of quasilinear hyperbolic systems, which verify the conjecture, are given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PLANNING MARINE PROTECTED AREAS: A MULTIPLE USE GAME

Abstract The EU Marine Strategy Directive (MSD) has a regional focus in its implementation. The directive obliges countries to take multiple uses and the marine strategies of neighboring countries into account when formulating marine strategies and when designating marine protected areas (MPAs). We use game theoretical analysis both to find the optimal size of MPAs with multiple uses by multiple countries and to investigate the influences of multiple uses on cooperation. To this end, we develop a model in which two specific uses, fisheries and nature conservation, by multiple countries are considered in a strategic framework. The results of the paper suggest that EU marine policy such as the MSD and the coming Maritime Policy may help to secure the highest possible benefits from these MPAs if these policies induce cooperation among countries, but only if policies force countries to consider all possible benefits of MPAs. In fact cooperation on a single issue may give a worse outcome than the noncooperative equilibrium. The results also indicate that cooperation may be hard to achieve because of defector incentives, and therefore policy measures should be strict in enforcing cooperation on all possible uses of MPAs.     

Measuring interaction quality in mathematics instruction: How differences in operationalizations matter methodologically

Quality of interaction can enhance or constrain students’ mathematical learning opportunities. However, quantitative video studies have measured the quality of interaction with very heterogeneous conceptualizations and operationalizations. This project sought to disentangle typical methodological choices to assess interaction quality in six quality dimensions, each of them in task-based, move-based, and practice-based operationalizations. The empirical part of the study compared different conceptualizations with their corresponding operationalizations and used them to code video data from middle school students (n = 210) organized into 49 small groups who worked on the same curriculum materials. The analysis revealed that different conceptualizations and operationalizations led to substantially different findings, so their distinction turned out to be of high methodological relevance. These results highlight the importance of making methodological choices explicit and call for a stronger academic discourse on how to conceptualize and operationalize interaction quality in video studies.     

宁波市高校校园植物现状调查与评价

在对宁波市4所高校校园植物种质资源进行全面调查的基础上,分析了绿化植物的种类、数量、应用频率、植物物种丰富度等,结果表明：这些高校校园共有207种植物,隶属于90科199属,其中乔木45种,占22％;灌木45种,占22％;藤本13种,占6％;草本104种,占50％．人工栽培的绿化植物111种,占植物总数的54％：而杂草有87种,占42％,比例较大,其中薇草（Humulus scandens）、加拿大一枝黄花（Solidago canadensis）、牛筋草（Eleusine indica）对其他植物和校园景观产生了严重影响．校园植物资源丰富度指数为16．86．整体上校园的植物资源较丰富,但绿化结构简单,乔木和草本绿化植物种类较少,校园树种组成类同者较多,种类单一．建议加大植物种类的引种,提高植物种类的丰富度,使校园绿化体系发挥更好的生态效益和景观效果．