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1.
The thermodynamics of the conversion of aqueous glucose to fructose has been investigated using both heat conduction microcalorimetry
and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The reaction was carried out in both aqueous Tris/HCl buffer and in aqueous
phosphate buffer in the pH range 7–8 using the enzyme glucose isomerase and the cofactors CoCl2 and MgSO4. The temperature range over which this reaction was investigated was 298.15–358.15 K. We have found that the enthalpy of
reaction is independent of pH over the range investigated. A combined analysis of both the HPLC and microcalorimetric data
leads to the following results at 298 15 K:ΔG° = 349 ± 53 J mol-1, ΔH° = 2.78 ± 0.20 kJ mol-1, and ΔC
p
°
= 76 ± 30 J mol-1 K-1. The stated uncertainties are based upon an analysis of both the random and systematic errors inherent in the measurements.
Comparisons are made with literature data. The percent conversion of glucose to fructose has been calculated for the temperature
range 300–373.15 K. 相似文献
2.
Silva Silvio S. Ribeiro JoÃo D. Felipe Maria G. A. Vitolo Michelle 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1997,(1):557-564
Batch fermentations of sugar cane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate treated for removing the inhibitors of the fermentation
were performed byCandida guilliermondii FTI20037 for xylitol production. The fermentative parameters agitation and aeration rate were studied aiming the maximization
of xylitol production from this agroindustrial residue. The maximal xylitol volumetric productivity (0.87 g/L h) and yield
(0.67 g/g) were attained at 400/min and 0.45 v.v.m. (KLa 27/h). According to the results, a suitable control of the oxygen input permitting the xylitol formation from sugar cane
bagasse hydrolysate is required for the development of an efficient fermentation process for large-scale applications. 相似文献
3.
The solubility of the nucleic acid bases, adenine and thymine, in aqueous erythritol, xylose, glucose, and sucrose solutions has been studied. The solubility of adenine increases linearly with glucose and sucrose concentration, whereas with the other reagents a nonlinear increase is observed. Below 1.5M reagent concentration, the solubility of adenine increases in the order erythritol < robose, xylose < glucose < sucrose. The solubility of thymine in these solutions, on the other hand, decreases, increases, or does not change depending upon the reagent. The effect of temperature on the solubility of adenine and thymine in sugar solution indicates that the transfer of these molecules from water to sugar solution is exothermic.Presented in part at the VIIth All-India Symposium in Biophysics held at Visva Bharati University during October 1976. 相似文献
4.
Xylan is the major component of hemicellulose, which consists of up to one-third of the lignocellulosic biomass. When the
zinc chloride solution was used as a pretreatment agent to facilitate cellulose hydrolysis, hemicellulose was hydrolyzed during
the pretreatment stage. In this study, xylan was used as a model to study the hydrolysis of hemicellulose in zinc chloride
solution. The degradation of xylose that is released from xylan was reduced by the formation of zinc-xylose complex. The xylose
yield was >90% (w/w) at 70°C. The yield and rate of hydrolysis were a function of temperature and the concentration of zinc
chloride. The ratio of zinc chloride can be decreased from 9 to 1.3 (w/w). At this ratio, 76% of xylose yield was obtained.
When wheat straw was pretreated with a concentrated zinc chloride solution, the hemicellulose hydrolysate contained only xylose
and trace amounts of arabinose and oligosaccharides. With this approach, the hemicellulose hydrolysate can be separated from
cellulose residue, which would be hydrolyzed subsequently to glucose by acid or enzymes to produce glucose. This production
scheme provided a method to produce glucose and xylose in different streams, which can be fermented in separated fermenters. 相似文献
5.
Francisco M. Gírio Fátima Pelica M. T. Amaral-Collaço 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1996,56(1):79-87
The xylitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.9) from xylose-grown cells ofDebaryomyces hansenii was partially purified in two Chromatographic steps, and characterization studies were carried out in order to inves tigate
the role of the xylitol dehydrogenase-catalyzed step in the regu lation of D-xylose metabolism. The enzyme was most active
at pH 9.0–9.5, and exhibited a broad polyol specificity. The Michaelis con stants for xylitol and NAD+ were 16.5 and 0.55 mM, respectively. Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ did not affect the enzyme activity. Conversely, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Co2+ strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. It was concluded that NAD+-xylitol dehydrogenase from D.hansenii has similarities with other xylose-fermenting yeasts in respect to optimal pH, substrate specificity, and Km value for xylitol, and therefore should be named L-iditol:NAD+-5-oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.14). The reason D.hansenii is a good xylitol producer is not because of its value of Km for xylitol, which is low enough to assure its fast oxidation by NAD+ xylitol dehydrogenase. However, a higher Km value of xylitol dehydro genase for NAD+ compared to theK
m
values of other xylose-ferment ing yeasts may be responsible for the higher xylitol yields. 相似文献
6.
7.
A series of alkyl triazole glycoside surfactants, ATGs, differing in the length of the alkyl linker between the sugar and the triazole, was synthesized and investigated on their surfactant properties and phase behavior in water. The results indicate no significant impact of the linker on surface and interphase properties, whereas the phase behavior is affected. Higher affinity for the bicontinuous cubic phase potentially favors methylene-linked ATGs over higher homologs for drug-delivery applications. A comparison of glucose and xylose reveals a tendency for high Krafft points for propargyl xyloside based ATGs. This disfavors these surfactants with respect to both glucose analogs and higher homologs. 相似文献
8.
Gil Garrote Herminia Domínguez Juan C. Parajó 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2001,95(3):195-207
Milled corncob samples were mixed with water and heated to obtain a liquid phase containing oligosaccharides, sugars, and
acetic acid as main reaction products (autohydrolysis reaction). To hydrolyze the sugar oligomers to the correspondent monomers,
sulfuric acid was added to the autohydrolysis liquors to reach 0.5–2 wt% of solution, and the reaction media were heated at
101.5–135°C. With this operational procedure, sugar solutions suitable as fermentation media (containing xylose as the major
component) were obtained. The kinetics of the posthydrolysis step was characterized on the basis of experimental data concerning
the time courses of the concentrations of xylooligosaccharides, xylose, furfural, and acetic acid. The concentrations of other
reaction byproducts (glucose or arabinose) were also measured. 相似文献
9.
以D-木糖为炭源,月桂酸钠为模板剂,硼酸为掺杂剂,通过水热炭化方法制得硼掺杂分级多孔炭球(BPCS)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附测试、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、顺磁共振波谱(EPR)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)分析对样品进行表征。结果表明:月桂酸钠作为介孔造孔剂的同时,通过与D-木糖间的氢键作用使有机-有机自组装过程自发进行并形成窄尺寸分布(2~5 μm)规整炭球;硼酸在水热中催化炭源脱水降解,并以BC3、BCO2和BC2O的形式掺杂在炭球上,掺硼后炭球与水表面接触角降低,润湿性提高。经CO2活化、月桂酸钠高温分解以及胶质炭球的堆积分别产生微孔(0.5~1.2 nm)、介孔(3.14~35.00 nm)和大孔(60~146 nm)并形成分级结构。当硼酸加入量为0.927 5 g时多孔炭球(BPCS-1)的电化学性能最佳,在6 mol·L-1 KOH三电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时,比电容达287.12 F·g-1;两电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时比电容达151.34 F·g-1,能量密度达5.3 Wh·kg-1;电流密度为5 A·g-1时进行1 000次充放电循环,电容保持率仍达96.43%。 相似文献
10.