Some results from 50 years' research on surface forces

A review is presented about research on surface forces and surface interactions conducted over the past half-century, with some emphasis on the pioneering contributions of the Department of Surface Phenomena at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences.     

Nonisothermal membrane phenomena across perfluorosulfonic acid-type membranes,Flemion S: part I. Thermoosmosis and transported entropy of water

Solvent transports across the perfluorosulfonic acid-type membrane Flemion S were measured for aqueous electrolyte solutions under a temperature difference and under an osmotic pressure difference. H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH ₄ ⁺ , CH₃NH ₃ ⁺ , (CH₃)₂NH ₂ ⁺ , (CH₃)₃NH⁺, (CH₃)₄N⁺, (C₂H₅)₄N⁺, (n-C₃H₇)₄N⁺ and (n-C₄H₉)₄N⁺ were used as counterions. Water flux across the membrane in HCl solution is higher than that in the other electrolyte solutions because hydrogen ions can exchange with the hydrogen of the neighbor water molecules and contribute to the water transport across the membrane as a proton jump in conductivity. The direction of thermoosmosis across the membrane in HCl, NaCl, (CH₃)₄NCl and (C₂H₅)₄NCl solutions was from the cold side to the hot side and that in LiCl, KCl, NH₄Cl, CH₃NH₃Cl, (CH₃)₂NH₂Cl and (n-C₄H₉)₄NBr solutions was from the hot side to the cold side, although thermoosmosis across anion-exchange membranes always occurs toward the hot side.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.