Trends in ultrashort and ultrahigh power laser pulses based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

Since the proof-of-principle demonstration of optical parametric amplification to efficiently amplify chirped laser pulses in 1992,optical parametric chirped pulse amplification(OPCPA)became the most promising method for the amplification of broadband optical pulses.In the meantime,we are witnessing an exciting progress in the development of powerful and ultrashort pulse laser systems that employ chirped pulse parametric amplifiers.The output power and pulse duration of these systems have ranged from a few gigawatts to hundreds of terawatts with a potential of tens of petawatts power level.Meanwhile,the output pulse duration based on optical parametric amplification has entered the range of fewoptical-cycle field.In this paper,we overview the basic principles,trends in development,and current state of the ultrashort and laser systems based on OPCPA,respectively.     

Developments in laser wakefield accelerators:From single-stage to two-stage

Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)are compact accelerators which can produce femtosecond high-energy electron beams on a much smaller scale than the conventional radiofrequency accelerators.It is attributed to their high acceleration gradient which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the traditional ones.The past decade has witnessed the major breakthroughs and progress in developing the laser wakfield accelerators.To achieve the LWFAs suitable for applications,more and more attention has been paid to optimize the LWFAs for high-quality electron beams.A single-staged LWFA does not favor generating controllable electron beams beyond 1 Ge V since electron injection and acceleration are coupled and cannot be independently controlled.Staged LWFAs provide a promising route to overcome this disadvantage by decoupling injection from acceleration and thus the electron-beam quality as well as the stability can be greatly improved.This paper provides an overview of the physical conceptions of the LWFA,as well as the major breakthroughs and progress in developing LWFAs from single-stage to two-stage LWFAs.     

激光场的空间非均匀性对阈上离化的影响

本文在基本态模型中计及激光场的空间非均匀性,得到了与实验相吻合的结果.     

软X射线光栅光谱仪研究进展（Ⅱ）

三、带前置轮胎镜的反射式光栅谱仪 从前文的讨论已看出,在光路中加上针孔时,尽管能改善空间分辨,但谱仪的集光能力较差,使用时受到一定的限制.为了克服这一缺点,1981年意大利帕多代大学根据几何光学的消象散原理,在掠入射光栅光谱仪前加入一个轮胎型反射镜,成功地看到了 BeIV L　线和BeIV的1S2-1s2P共振线在远离靶≥2mm处对称地劈裂成两部分[1].谱仪工作波段在20—300A之间,其基本结构见图 5. 图5中A是光源,M是前置反射镜,G是凹面光栅,B是集光点,S是狭缝.轮胎镜M的顶点和曲率中心位于光栅G子午面(x-y面)内,轮胎镜在这平面上的主曲率…     

二次谐波发射的时间截止或迟后特性研究

本文论述了在较宽脉冲或在人为引入预脉冲的激光与等离子体相互作用中的二次谐波发射的新特性,特别是在时间分辨特性上的截止或迟后发射的行为。研究表明,受激布里渊散射是导至低z靶所发射的二次谐波时间截止特性的主要原因;而经典逆轫致吸收则可能是决定高z靶的二次谐波发射的时间分辨特性的重要机制。     

类锂硅离子能级结构及软X射线激光光谱理论计算

本文采用Hartree-Fock自洽场方法,从理论上计算出类锂硅离子1s~2nl(n=2～7,l=0～5)各能级能量,并给出在极紫外(波长小于400(?))范围内各跃迁谱线的光谱性质、波长、振子强度和跃迁几率.对实验中已实现软X射线激光的跃迁(5d-3p,5f-3d,6d-3p,6f-3d),计算所得的跃迁波长与实验值完全相符.与现有文献的波长比较,相对误差不超过1%.     

高阶离化对强激光场诱导自电离的影响

本文讨论了以往强激光诱导自电离理论所忽略的二阶以上的高阶离化效应,得到了自电离谱的解析表达式,详细研究了高阶离化的影响。结果表明,当激光场足够强时,高阶离化使自电离谱和自电离态的缀饰态产生显著变化。 关键词：     

飞秒强激光作用下Ar原子团簇离子能谱计算

研究了飞秒强激光与Ar原子团簇相互作用时的电离机制及库仑爆炸过程,建立了一个简化的模型计算相互作用产生的离子能谱,计算结果与实验结果较为吻合,可以较好地解释离子能谱高能端的主要特征。