不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程的差分格式研究

本文对二维不可压缩Nayier-Stokes方程构造了一类精确解,并在精确的初始条件和边界条件之下,用七种常用的差分格式进行了数值求解。以所构造的精确解为基准,对这七种格式进行了稳定性分析和误差分析,比较了它们的优劣,得到了一些对N-S方程的差分方法求解也许会具有一定普遍指导意义的结论。     

任意非亏损矩阵特征灵敏度分析的模态展开法

把特征向量的各阶导数表示成所有模态的线性组合，并利用左模态与右模态间的双正交性，首先导出了任意非亏损矩阵的重特征值的一阶导数所满足的特征值问题，然后根据此特征值问题无、看重根的情况，再导出了异导重特征值和等导重特征值对应的可微特征向量、特征值和特征向量各阶导数的一般计算公式。算例显示了方法的正确性。     

固壁近旁Stokes流中粘性液滴的运动和变形

发展了一种模拟固壁近旁轴对称Stokes流中粘性液滴的运动和变形及直接计算固壁上应力的边界积分方法．用此方法对不同的液滴-固壁初始相对间距、粘度比、表面张力和浮力联合参数以及环境流动参数情况进行了数值实验．数值结果显示,由于环境流动和浮力的作用,随着时间的推进,液滴在轴向压缩,在径向拉伸．当环境流动的作用弱于浮力作用时,随着时间的推移,液滴上升并向上弯,固壁上由液滴运动所引起的应力不断减小．当环境流动的作用强于浮力作用时,随着时间的推移,液滴变得越来越扁．在这种情形,当大初始间距时,壁面上的应力随液滴的演变而增大;当小初始间距时,由环境流动、浮力及壁面对流动的较强作用的联合影响,此应力随液滴的演变而减小．由于液滴运动所引起的壁面应力的有效作用仅限于对称轴附近的一个小范围内,且此范围随液滴与固壁的初始间距增大而增大．应力的大小随初始间距增大而大为减小．表面张力对液滴变形有阻止作用．液滴粘性会减小液滴的变形和位置迁移．     

地下水渗流问题中最紧凑存贮的有限元方法

将按单元集成有限元代数方程组换为按结点集成,并利用贮量集中的思想来处理右端项,得到一维最紧凑存贮的有限元方法,使总体矩阵元素紧凑为未知结点数的三倍以下,比矩形网格有限差分法所需存贮单元还要少,程序结构也更简单合理。同时减少了计算量,提高了运算效率,其优越性在解非线性问题时更为明显。     

Generation Mechanism of Liquid Column during the Burst of a Rising Bubble near a Free Surface

In the frame of inviscid and incompressible flow and by neglecting surface tension effects, the dynamical mechanism of the generation and the development of the liquid column during the burst of a rising bubble near a free surface is studied theoretically and numerically by the volume-of-fluid method.     

Numerical investigation of the deformation mechanism of a bubble or a drop rising or falling in another fluid

A numerical method for simulating the motion and deformation of an axisymmetric bubble or drop rising or falling in another infinite and initially stationary fluid is developed based on the volume of fluid （VOF） method in the frame of two incompressible and immiscible viscous fluids under the action of gravity, taking into consideration of surface tension effects. A comparison of the numerical results by this method with those by other works indicates the validity of the method. In the frame of inviseid and incompressible fluids without taking into consideration of surface tension effects, the mechanisms of the generation of the liquid jet and the transition from spherical shape to toroidal shape during the bubble or drop deformation, the increase of the ring diameter of the toroidal bubble or drop and the decrease of its cross-section area during its motion, and the effects of the density ratio of the two fluids on the deformation of the bubble or drop are analysed both theoretically and numerically.     

MOTION AND DEFORMATION OF VISCOUS DROP IN STOKES FLOW NEAR RIGID WALL

A boundary integral method was developed for simulating the motion and deformation of a viscous drop in an axisymmetric ambient Stokes flow near a rigid wall and for direct calculating the stress on the wall. Numerical experiments by the method were performed for different initial stand-off distances of the drop to the wall, viscosity ratios, combined surface tension and buoyancy parameters and ambient flow parameters. Numerical results show that due to the action of ambient flow and buoyancy the drop is compressed and stretched respectively in axial and radial directions when time goes. When the ambient flow action is weaker than that of the buoyancy the drop raises and bends upward and the stress on the wall induced by drop motion decreases when time advances. When the ambient flow action is stronger than that of the buoyancy the drop descends and becomes flatter and flatter as time goes. In this case when the initial stand-off distance is large the stress on the wall increases as the drop evolutes but when the stand-off distance is small the stress on the wall decreases as a result of combined effects of ambient flow, buoyancy and the stronger wall action to the flow. The action of the stress on the wall induced by drop motion is restricted in an area near the symmetric axis, which increases when the initial stand-off distance increases. When the initial stand-off distance increases the stress induced by drop motion decreases substantially. The surface tension effects resist the deformation and smooth the profile of the drop surfaces. The drop viscosity will reduce the deformation and migration of the drop.     

粘性不可压缩流的壁涡数值边界条件

本文对具有固壁边界的二维粘性不可压缩定常流提出了一种四阶壁涡公式,并构造了一类非平凡的精确解。用两种具有代表性的内点差分格式及六种常用的壁涡公式(包括本文提出的一种),对本文所构造的雷诺数直到2000的一系列流动进行了数值求解,并以所构造的精确解为基准,分析和比较了这六种壁涡格式的精度、稳定性和收敛速度。计算结果表明,本文所提出的壁涡公式是这六种公式中最好的一种。本文数值实验中的一些结果对粘性不可压缩流固壁数值边界条件的处理可能具有一定的普遍意义。     

一维Burgers方程的各种差分格式研究

本文对Burgers方程,一维流体力学动量方程的模型方程,进行了数值实验研究。本文以两类精确解(一类表示定常拟的“激波”解,一类表示非定常的粘性耗散解)为基准。在给定的完全精确的边界条件下,专门探讨各种常用和重要差分格式的优劣。(包括精度、稳定性、计算时间等)。 本文共采用了八种格式(包括Cheng—Allen、修正Cheng格式、MacCormack、分裂格式等)对两类初、边值问题进行了计算和比较。主要的结果是: ①对非定常的粘性耗散问题,采用隐式分裂格式在精度和稳定性方面是各类格式中最好的。 ②对于具有拟“激波”样的定常问题,Cheng的修正格式2具有振幅很小、振动衰减很快的优点,它是各种格式中最佳的。 ③对Mac Cormack格式31,它可以用来算定常和非定常问题,但稳定性很差,要得到好的精度对Re数范围有一定的限制。 ④对于计算含有“激波”的流动,看来差分格式的守恒性是很重要的。 ⑤对像Burgers方程那样的非线性方程,看来Von Neumann的线化稳定性分析仍然是适用的。     

任意非亏损系统特征灵敏度分析的直接摄动法

本文发展了一种任意非亏损系统特征灵敏度分析的二阶段摄动法，将未摄动的问题的解作为零阶近似，把摄动影响作为摄动后问题的高阶修正，经过严格的数学推导，得到了支配高阶修正量的完全方程组。本方法无损知道摄问题的全部特征向量，仅需知被摄模态的特征对。本方法可处理被摄问题具有重特征值，甚至具有等导重特征值这一高度退化极难处理的情况。算例显示了本方法的正确性。