基于抛物方程的海陆环境信号时延与到达角估计

针对复杂海陆环境中的无线信号传播预测问题,研究了适用于抛物方程的信号时延与到达角估计方法。将自由空间中抛物方程轴向波前信号视为本地副本信号,然后利用信号的自相关特性,将接收信号与副本信号进行互相关运算,最后通过相关函数的峰值检索,得到脉冲信号在复杂环境中传播的附加时延。采用数值算例,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。此外,采用多重信号分类算法,由抛物方程构建接收阵列的协方差矩阵,并对其进行特征值分解,然后利用信号子空间和噪声子空间的正交性,实现复杂环境中的信号到达角估计。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的平面波谱方法,该方法具有更高的多径分辨率。基于上述方法,并结合数字地图,在典型的海陆环境中进行了仿真实验,分析了蒸发波导对脉冲信号传播时延和到达角的影响。     

基于时域BLT的多导体传输线串扰响应分析

当传输线上通有电压和电流信号时,会在其周围的传输线上产生串扰响应。采用时域BLT方程建立多导体传输线对多导体传输线的串扰模型,分析了不同数目和不同频率正弦波集总电压源激励下的多导体受扰线终端负载串扰电压响应特性。研究结果表明,受扰线终端负载上的串扰电压响应主要频点的个数与集总电压源的个数相同,响应频点与集总电压源的频率相等,响应幅值与相应电压源离受扰线的间距有关。     

高功率超宽带变压器油透镜天线设计与仿真

将TEM喇叭天线密封进填充变压器油的尼龙天线罩中,只要合理设计尼龙天线罩外形,使变压器油形成聚焦透镜,不仅能提高天线的功率容量,还能改善其辐射特性。基于变压器油的缩波效应和椭球的几何性质,借助几何光学理论,设计了一款具有聚焦能力的椭球变压器油透镜。变压器油的缩波效应能够增大TEM喇叭天线电尺寸,使TEM喇叭天线的辐射特性得到初步改善,透镜的聚焦能力使天线的定向性得到进一步改善。为了验证理论分析的正确性,另外设计了一款不具有聚焦能力的球状变压器油透镜作为参照,两款透镜天线仿真结果与理论分析吻合。与大气中的TEM喇叭天线相比,椭球变压器油透镜使TEM喇叭天线主波束变窄,远场电压峰峰值提高56.97%,阻抗带宽低频端从0.28GHz扩展到0.2GHz,功率容量达到18.43GW。     

Reliable approach for bistatic scattering of three-dimensional targets from underlying rough surface based on parabolic equation

A parabolic equation(PE) based method for analyzing composite scattering under an electromagnetic wave incidence at low grazing angle, which composes of three-dimensional(3-D) electrically large targets and rough surface, is presented and discussed. A superior high-order PE version is used to improve the accuracy at wider paraxial angles, and along with the alternating direction implicit(ADI) differential technique, the computational efficiency is further improved. The formula of bistatic normalized radar cross section is derived by definition and near-far field transformation. Numerical examples are given to show the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach, in which the results are compared with those of Kirchhoff approximation(KA) and moment of method(Mo M). Furthermore, the bistatic scattering properties of composite model in which the 3-D PEC targets on or above the two-dimensional Gaussian rough surfaces under the tapered wave incidence are analyzed.     

阵馈抛物柱面天线合成超宽带高功率微波

在时域推导了超宽带脉冲空间功率合成的条件,得到了多路脉冲信号在极化方向相同,幅度、波形一致的条件下,可实现最大化功率输出的结论。基于此提出了一种阵馈的抛物柱反射面天线。采用10喇叭单元叠状排列形成一维馈源阵列放置于焦线上,照射抛物柱反射面后形成相干脉冲,在主轴方向合成超宽带高功率微波波束。仿真结果表明,该阵馈天线较最优口径的单馈源天线,远场辐射功率密度提高了87倍以上,且波束宽度由66°减为8°,实现了超宽带高功率微波的高效空间功率合成。     

蒸发波导中的时间反演抛物方程定位法

蒸发波导是一种在海面上频繁出现的多径传播环境,会引起信号畸变,导致常规算法分辨率下降,使得雷达测向测距误差加大甚至无法工作.本文提出了一种基于方向图加载的时间反演抛物方程定位算法,能够有效地处理蒸发波导效应,自适应地补偿信号畸变,形成与传播环境相匹配的、经过时间反演的电波,从而稳健地实现对目标的聚焦定位.该算法能够巧妙地利用多径效应,增大天线阵列的有效口径,得到超分辨率的效果.另外,它还对阵元间距有着较高的宽容性,这样就可以采用稀布形式,从而提高算法的实用性,增加其适用范围.仿真结果表明,对于相同口径的阵列天线,该算法使方位分辨率较自由空间提高了2倍以上;在30λ的大阵元间距下,旁瓣电平在8.96 dB以下,有效地抑制了鬼像的产生.该算法具有较强的稳健性和较高的精度,在海面通信、搜救、预警等领域有着广阔的应用前景.     

Short-pulse high-power microwave breakdown at high pressures

The fluid model is proposed to investigate the gas breakdown driven by a short-pulse(such as a Gaussian pulse) highpower microwave at high pressures.However,the fluid model requires specification of the electron energy distribution function(EEDF);the common assumption of a Maxwellian EEDF can result in the inaccurate breakdown prediction when the electrons are not in equilibrium.We confirm that the influence of the incident pulse shape on the EEDF is tiny at high pressures by using the particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision(PIC-MCC) model.As a result,the EEDF for a rectangular microwave pulse directly derived from the Boltzmann equation solver Bolsig+ is introduced into the fluid model for predicting the breakdown threshold of the non-rectangular pulse over a wide range of pressures,and the obtained results are very well matched with those of the PIC-MCC simulations.The time evolution of a non-rectangular pulse breakdown in gas,obtained by the fluid model with the EEDF from Bolsig+,is presented and analyzed at different pressures.In addition,the effect of the incident pulse shape on the gas breakdown is discussed.