A posteriori error analysis of a quadratic finite volume method for nonlinear elliptic problems

In this article, we construct and analyze a residual-based a posteriori error estimator for a quadratic finite volume method (FVM) for solving nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We shall prove that the a posteriori error estimator yields the global upper and local lower bounds for the norm error of the FVM. So that the a posteriori error estimator is equivalent to the true error in a certain sense. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Simultaneous quantitation of 23 bioactive compounds in Tanreqing capsule by high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Tanreqing capsule (TRQC) is a formulation frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat pyrexia, cough, expectoration and pharyngalgia. Since the pharmacological action of traditional Chinese medicines is closely related to their complex and diverse constituents, understanding the exact composition of TRQC is important to elucidate its clinical effectiveness and mechanism of action as well as to establish quality control methods and resolve safety issues. Herein, we employed high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitation of 23 bioactive compounds in five batches of TRQC; the analytes could be categorized into five types: organic acids (seven compounds), flavonoids (10 compounds), iridoids (two compounds), phenylethanoid glycosides (two compounds) and bile acids (two compounds). The calibration curves for all analytes showed good linearity (r > 0.9953), and the inter‐ and intra‐day precisions did not exceed 4.94 and 4.97%, respectively. The recoveries varied from 90.47% to 109.80%; the corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) did not exceed 4.94%; and the repeatability (RSD < 4.72%) and stability (RSD < 4.88%) were also within acceptable limits. Thus, this study can be viewed as a fundamental reference for setting comprehensive TRQC quality standards.     

磷酸酯类前药的合成方法与应用

磷酸酯类前药与原药相比,不仅能够提高药物靶向性、稳定性和生物利用度,减少药物毒副作用,还能掩蔽药物不适气味、提高水溶性从而改善给药途径。含羟基药物的磷酸酯化是该类药物前药设计的重要方法之一。本文根据中心磷原子的价态和化合物结构进行分类,综述了各种P(Ⅴ)四配位分子、P(Ⅲ)三配位分子和H-亚磷酸酯类化合物作为磷酸酯化试剂在磷酸酯类前药合成方法中的研究进展,并阐述了这些磷酸酯类药物的应用,最后总结了各类磷酸酯化试剂的优势与局限,并结合连续流反应技术应用案例展望了其发展趋势。     

Spatial variability and radiation assessment of the radionuclides in soils and sediments around a uranium tailings reservoir,south of China

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K and gross α, β were measured in soils and sediments around a uranium tailings reservoir...     

Promotion of a quality standard for Porana sinensis Hemsl. based on the efficacy-oriented Effect-Constituent Index

Multicompound determination for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may often be inadequate, since these compounds may not be associated with, or fully represent, the clinical effects of TCM. Moreover, the individual contributions of each constituent to the pharmacological effect are often not considered. In China, Porana sinensis is widely used as a substitute for Erycibe sources to treat joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis. The existing quality control methods for P. sinensis neither consider the individual contributions of various compounds nor control the actual quality associated with different clinical efficacies. In the present study, a novel efficacy-oriented approach, named the effect-constituent index (ECI), was established for P. sinensis. Analyses of the spectrum–effect relationship and components in rat plasma were conducted to systematically and scientifically select quality markers. Quantitative analysis of multicomponents via a single marker method was introduced to enhance the practical application value of the established ECI. The established ECI shows a good ability to distinguish and predict the bioeffect-based quality of P. sinensis. The present study also provides a reference for the establishment and application of ECI as a quality control method for TCMs.     

Preparation of active carbon through one-step NaOH activation of coconut shell biomass for phenolic wastewater treatment

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A series of coconut shell-based activated carbon (BAC-T) adsorbents with different activation temperature (T, °C) were prepared by one-step NaOH activation...     

高性能、可弯曲碳纳米管纤维负载镍磷合金电催化析氢电极的研究

利用电化学沉积法在碳纳米管纤维(CNTFs)上沉积了镍磷合金,对比了不同循环圈数、不同镍磷比例下制备的碳纳米管纤维负载镍磷合金(Ni-P/CNTFs)电极在中性电解质溶液中的电催化析氢性能,发现当电沉积液中镍磷比为2:1时,沉积50圈时制备出的样品具有最佳的电催化析氢性能,产生10 mA·cm-2电流密度仅需138 mV过电势,塔菲尔(Tafel)斜率为83 mV·dec-1,同时具有良好的稳定性.并且在保持催化性能不变的前提下,样品可以进行弯曲,扩展了应用领域.     

高精度半导体激光打标机F-θ镜头设计

为保证半导体激光打标机F-θ镜头的扫描质量，实现系统像高与扫描角的线性变化，需对F-θ镜头给予一定的畸变量，并使其满足等晕条件。分析F-θ镜头工作原理及像差要求，根据1 064 nm半导体激光打标机的光源成像要求选择合适的玻璃材料，合理分配每片透镜的光焦度，以保证等晕成像；根据F-θ镜头线性成像要求，计算系统总畸变量为1.6%，系统总畸变量为系统的实际桶形畸变与相对畸变量之和；在光学系统优化设计时，引入这两项优化参数，优化过程中观察系统成像变化情况。设计结果表明:系统MTF曲线接近衍射极限，F-θ镜头相对畸变小于0.36%，各视场均方根半径均小于艾里斑直径，并且整个系统70%的能量集中在直径为16 μm的圆内，系统总畸变量为1.58%，满足设计指标要求。     

超强频率梳激光场驱动下多光子共振谐波辐射的相位突变研究

本文从理论上研究了在双色频率梳激光场驱动下多光子谐波辐射光谱中的相位突变现象。我们利用Floquet理论非微扰地模拟了频率梳激光场与原子分子等量子系统的相互作用过程。谐波辐射信号是多光子偶极跃迁相干叠加的结果,通过调节频率梳激光场间的相对相位,可以相干地控制谐波辐射信号的强度。通过对谐波信号进行傅里叶变换,可以提取不同跃迁路径的相对相位信息。我们通过改变频率梳组激光场的强度和频率组分实现多光子跃迁频率,让其跨越共振跃迁频率时,谐波相位会发生突变。从而可以观测超强激光场驱动下量子系统共振跃迁频率的斯塔克能移。