可控表面磷原子修饰提升超细W2C纳米颗粒电解水析氢反应性能

研究高活性和稳定性的非贵金属基析氢催化剂对解决当前能源危机和环境污染问题具有重要意义.碳化钨具有与贵金属Pt类似的d带电子结构,因而成为一类新兴的非贵金属析氢催化剂,受到广泛关注.磷掺杂是提高催化剂析氢活性的有效方法之一,然而目前最常见的构筑磷掺杂方法是使用多金属氧酸盐(POMs,如H3PW12O40),其固定的W/P原子比导致W2C中的掺杂浓度难以调控,并且磷掺杂主要是进入碳载体而不是碳化物本身,从而导致无法明确杂原子对其电催化析氢活性的贡献.本文采用植酸(PA)为磷源设计合成了可控磷掺杂W2C纳米颗粒,并探讨了催化剂组分、杂原子掺杂位置与析氢性能之间的关系.深入研究了磷掺杂碳化钨(WCP)的化学结构和析氢活性.与原始的W2C催化剂相比,WCP具有更高的本征活性、更快的电子转移速率和更多的活性位数量,并且在酸性和碱性条件下均表现出较好的析氢性能.特别是过电位为-200 mV时,WCP催化剂的本征活性在酸性和碱性条件下分别为0.07和0.56 H2 s-1,高出纯W2C(0.01和0.05 H2 S-1)数倍.同时,在电流密度为-10 mA cm-2时,优化后的WCP催化剂在酸性和碱性条件下的析氢过电位分别降低了96和88 mV.XPS及EDS元素分析结果表明,随磷源添加量增加,磷掺杂从碳化钨表面逐渐向内部扩散,进一步说明磷取代位置与析氢活性之间的构效关系,高浓度的表面磷取代可以加速质子捕获过程,从而显著提高其析氢活性,而过量的内部磷取代会破坏W2C结构,降低电子转移速率,从而导致析氢性能下降.利用密度泛函理论计算深入研究了WCP具有较好析氢性能的原因,与内部磷取代相比,表面磷取代会使碳化钨表现出更合适的氢吸附自由能,并且更加有效地降低了氢释放势垒,从而优化了析氢反应动力学.综上,本文为元素掺杂工艺提供了新的思路,同时研究了表面异质原子对析氢活性的关键作用,为该类催化材料的构效关系研究提供了新思路.     

Evaluating the biochemical changes of LPS-stimulated endothelial cells by synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy at a single-cell level

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry - Endothelial damage is a major manifestation in many forms of heart and lung injuries induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but the biochemical responses and...     

l-遗传代数的Hochschild上同调群

设 $\Lambda$ 是域$k$上的有限维代数. 则 $\Lambda$的低阶 Hochschild上同调群在有限维代数的表示理论中扮演着重要的角色. 该文得到了 $l$ -遗传代数的一阶和二阶Hochschild 上同调群的维数方程.     

对奥运会中越轨行为的研究

在全球变暖日益加剧的背景下,人们对环境问题的关注度越来越高,世界各国都在为推进低碳经济发展努力减少碳足迹．对于初中学生进行低碳环保教育也同样引起人们的重视．不少教师认为,低碳在学校教育中的应用,主要表现在无纸化办公、自制教具、培养学生的环保、节约意识等;而通过一段时间的实践研究后,大家发现低碳教学的核心在于更深层次的“严谨从容,惜时高效”,即一般意义上所说的：轻负担、高效率．由此,课题研究从形式走向本质．具体到初中数学课堂教学上,低碳课堂的“高效性”主要有三个方面的特点．     

A class of permutation quadrinomials

In this paper, we investigate the permutation behavior of a class of quadrinomials. Each term of these quadrinomials has a Niho-type exponent, and two sets of coefficient triples making the quadrinomials to be permutations are obtained. We use a substitution to transform the permutation problem into the root distribution problem in the unit circle of certain quadratic and cubic equations.     

Development and validation of an improved method for the quantitation of sertraline in human plasma using LC-MS-MS and its application to bioequivalence studies

A rapid and sensitive LC-MS-MS method for the quantitation of sertraline in human plasma was developed and validated. Sertraline and the internal standard, telmisartan, were cleaned up by protein precipitation from 100 μL of plasma sample, and analyzed on a TC-C18 column (5 μm, 150 × 4.6 mm i.d.) using 70% acetonitrile and 30% 10 mM ammonium acetate (0.1% formic acid) as mobile phase. The method was demonstrated to be linear from 0.1 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL with the lower limit of quantitation of 0.1 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision were below 4.40% and 3.55%. Recoveries of sertraline at low, medium, and high levels were 88.0 ± 2.3%, 88.2 ± 1.9%, and 90.0 ± 2.0%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of sertraline after a single oral administration of 50 mg sertraline hydrochloride tablets.     

Further results on planar DO functions and commutative semifields

It is proven that any Dembowski–Ostrom polynomial is planar if and only if its evaluation map is 2-to-1, which can be used to explain some known planar Dembowski–Ostrom polynomials. A direct connection between a planar Dembowski–Ostrom polynomial and a permutation polynomial is established if the corresponding semifield is of odd dimension over its nucleus. In addition, all commutative semifields of order 3⁵ are classified.