Warm tachyon inflation and swampland criteria

In this study, the scenario of a two-component warm tachyon inflation is considered, where the tachyon field plays the role of the inflaton by driving the inflation. During inflation, the tachyon scalar field interacts with the other component of the Universe, which is assumed to be photon gas, i.e., radiation. The interacting term contains a dissipation coefficient, and the study is modeled based on two different and familiar choices of the coefficient that were studied in the literature. By employing the latest observational data, the acceptable ranges for the free parameters of the model are obtained. For any choice within the estimated ranges, there is an acceptable concordance between the theoretical predictions and observations. Although the model is established based on several assumptions, it is crucial to verify their validity for the obtained values of the free parameters of the model. It is found that the model is not self-consistent for all values of the ranges, and for some cases, the assumptions are violated. Therefore, to achieve both self-consistency and agreement with the data, the parameters of the model must be constrained. Subsequently, we consider the recently proposed swampland conjecture, which imposes two conditions on the inflationary models. These criteria rule out some inflationary models; however, warm inflation is among those that successfully satisfy the swampland criteria. We conduct a precise investigation, which indicates that the proposed warm tachyon inflation cannot satisfy the swampland criteria for some cases. In fact, for the first case of the dissipation coefficient, in which, there is dependency only on the scalar field, the model agrees with observational data. However, it is in direct tension with the swampland criteria. Nevertheless, for the second case, wherein the dissipation coefficient has a dependency on both the scalar field and temperature, the model exhibits acceptable agreement with observational data, and suitably satisfies the swampland criteria.     

Mechanical mixtures of Me (Ni, Pd) Ce oxides and silica-supported heteropolyacids: Role and optimal concentration of each active species in n-hexane isomerization

Catalytic properties of silica-supported heteropolyacids (HPA) in a mechanical mixture with reduced Me-Ce oxides (Me = Ni, Pd) in n-hexane isomerization are studied. The role of each component of the mixed oxides (Ce and, typically, Ni and Pd) and their optimum content has been illuminated: cerium is not only beneficial for eliminating or preventing coke deposition but is also effective for maintaining the Keggin structure of the highly-organized HPA during the reaction and probably allows a better dispersion of the second metal species. Nickel and palladium, present as Ni⁰ and Pd⁰, reinforce the activation of the alkane, which is difficult to obtain by means of a direct attack by an acid, and, thus, enhance noticeably the activity of the catalyst. The best mechanical mixtures are obtained with 30–70 wt % NiCeO-HPW/SiO₂ and 50–50 wt % Pd_0.1CeO-HPW/SiO₂. These mixtures have the highest efficiency for a Ni/(Ni + W) atomic ratio of 0.66 and a Pd/(Pd + W) ratio of 0.40, respectively. Finally, the conversion of n-hexane is in the order HPW > HSiW > HBW, which seems to be consistent with the order of their acid strength as per the literature, but the isomerization selectivity appears to be slightly higher on HSiW. Published in Russian in Kinetika i Kataliz, 2006, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 24–28. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Improvement of electrical properties of silicon-based thin-film transistors by modifying technological fabrication processes

This paper is a review of technological process evolution associated to electrical performance improvement of silicon-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) that were performed mainly in the GM/IETR laboratory. The main objective in agreement with the fields of applications is to fabricate TFTs at a temperature low enough to be compatible with the substrates, glass substrates in a first place and flexible substrates in a second one, which implies several approaches. In fact, the electrical properties of the TFTs, mainly field-effect mobility of carriers in the channel, I _on/I _off drain current ratio, and subthreshold slope, are strongly dependent on the quality and the nature of the channel material, on the material quality and thus on the density of states at the interface with the gate insulator, and on the quality of the gate insulator itself. All the improvements are directly linked to all these aspects, which means an actual combination of the efforts. For the glass substrate, compatible technology processes such as deposition techniques, or solid phase, or laser crystallizations of active layers were studied and compared. The paper details all these approaches and electrical performances. In addition, some results about the use of a silicon–germanium compound as channel active layer and airgap transistors for which the insulator is released, complete the presentation of the evolution of the silicon-based TFTs during the last twenty years.     

Rapid determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine in whole blood by liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.

A rapid and simple reversed-phase (using muBondapak C18 as the stationary phase) liquid chromatographic method with fluorimetric detection is described for the quantitation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in whole blood. The rapidity and simplicity of the method are explained by the absence of a pretreatment. 5-Fluoro-dl-tryptophan was used as internal standard. The mobile phase was 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 4.5) with 0.0025 M 1-heptanesulfonic acid and 20% methanol. The detection wavelength were 302 nm for excitation and 340 nm for emission. Analysis time was 10 min with retention times for 5-hydroxytryptamine of 9 min and for 5-fluoro-dl-tryptophan of 7 min. This method is proposed for biological exploration of psychiatric disorders involving 5-hydroxytryptamine and would be useful for tryptophan.     

Excimer laser crystallization of microcrystalline silicon for TFTs on flexible substrate

Microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) films have been deposited on PDMS as well as on PEN substrate. Excimer laser annealing was used to improve the crystalline structure and so to obtain high mobility TFTs. The effect of the laser annealing on the crystalline structure of silicon films is studied using different characterization techniques and discussed. Mobility values of 60 cm²/V s with PDMS and 46 cm²/V s with PEN are obtained.     

Targetry for 48V production and the nuclear model calculation on the charge particle induced reaction on Ti target

The radionuclide vanadium-48 (T _1/2?=?16?d, ?? ⁺=?49.5?%) could be employed to positron emission tomography. In this Study, ⁴⁸V excitation function for the ^nat/49/48Ti(p,x)⁴⁸V and the ⁴⁸Ti(d,2n)⁴⁸V nuclear reactions were calculated by ALICE/ASH code. Then recommended thickness of the targets according to the SRIM-2010 code was calculated; consequently, the theoretical integral yields were computed for all reactions by the computer software. As a result, the ⁴⁸Ti(p,n)⁴⁸V reaction was determined as the best reaction. Ti target was prepared by sedimentation method to produce ⁴⁸V throughout accelerator proton bombardment.     

On the Diffusion Limit of a Semiconductor Boltzmann–Poisson System Without Micro-Reversible Process

This paper deals with the diffusion approximation of a semiconductor Boltzmann–Poisson system. The statistics of collisions we are considering here, is the Fermi–Dirac operator with the Pauli exclusion term and without the detailed balance principle. Our study generalizes, the result of Goudon and Mellet [11 Goudon , T. , Mellet , A. ( 2003 ). On fluid limit for the semiconductors Boltzmann equation . J. Diff. Eqs. 189 : 17 – 45 . [Google Scholar]], to the multi-dimensional case.     

Simulation and Experimental Study for Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Dual pin‐to‐plate Corona Discharge Plasma reactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

This work researches the possibility of increasing the dye removal efficiency from wastewater using nonthermal plasma. A study for the optimal air gap distance between dual pin and surface of Acid Blue 25 dye solution and thickness of ground plate is carried out using 3D‐EM simulator to find maximum electric field intensity at the tip of both pins. The consequences display that the best gap for corona discharge is approximately 5 mm using 15 kV source. In addition, the optimum plate thickness is 0.1 mm. These distance and thickness were mentioned are constant during the study of other factors. Dual pin‐to‐plate high‐voltage corona discharge plasma system is presented to investigation experimentally the gap distance, thickness of ground plate, initial dye concentration, pH solution and conductivity on the amount of Acid Blue 25 dye color removal efficiency from wastewater. There is a large consensus among the simulation and experimental work in the air gap and thickness of ground plate. Where the decolorization for air gap 5 mm is 95.74 at time 35 min compared with 91% and 17% for 1 mm and 20 mm gap distance respectively. Also, the discharge energy at each air gap are calculated. Measurement results for the impact of thickness of an Aluminum ground plate on color removal competence showed color removal efficiencies of 86.3%, 90.78% and 98.06%, after treatment time 15 min for thicknesses of 2, 0.5 and 0.1 mm respectively. The decolorization behavior utilizing dual pin‐to‐plate corona discharge plasma system display 82% pigment evacuation proficiency inside 11min. The complete decolorization was accomplished within 28min for distinctive examined introductory color focuses 5 ppm up to 100 ppm. Likewise, the impacts of conductivity by utilizing diverse salts as AlCl3, CaCl2, KCl and NaCl and with distinctive focuses have been explored. The rising of the solution conductivity leads to the reduction of decolorization efficiency. The decolorization efficiency and discharge energy are calculated at different concentration molarity for AlCl3, CaCl2, KCl and NaCl. It was observed that the presence of salts at the same concentration level substantially decreased the rate and the extent of decolorization. The results indicate that the optimum pH for the decolorization of Acid Blue 25 dye is in the range between 3 and 6. Furthermore the conductivity and discharge energy were measurement at each value of pH. Energy yield for decolorization and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) under different initial pH value were calculated. A kinetic model is used to define the performance of corona discharge system under different value of pH. The model of pseudo ‐zero, pseudo‐first order, and pseudo‐second order reactions kinetic are utilized to investigate the decolorization of Acid Blue 25 dye. The rate of degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye follows the pseudo‐first order kinetics in the dye concentration. Energy consumption requirements for decolorization was considered. The outcomes will be useful for designing the plasma treatment systems suitable for industrial wastewaters. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthese d'antibiotiques triterpeniques a partir d'acides biliaires-II : Introduction du methyle 14α associe á Δ-8,9

The synthesis of methyl 14α-methyl-15-oxo-5β-chol-8-en-24-oate derivatives from cholic acid is described, as are the spectroscopic data of the various intermediates. A route to tetracyclic triterpene acids related to polyporenic acid is thus opened.     

First-principles study of the structural and thermodynamic properties of AsNMg3 antiperovskite

The structural and elastic properties of the antiperovskite semiconductor AsNMg₃ are investigated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital (FP-LAPW+lo) method within the generalized gradient in the frame of the density functional theory. The ground state properties such as lattice constant, bulk modulus, pressure derivative of the bulk modulus and elastic constants are in good agreement with numerous experimental and theoretical data. Through the quasi-harmonic Debye model, in which the phononic effects are considered, we have obtained successfully the thermodynamic properties such as the thermal expansion coefficient, Debye temperature and specific heats in the whole pressure range from 0 to 30 GPa and temperature range from 0 to 1200 K.