Characteristics investigation on heat transfer growth of sonochemically synthesized ZnO-DW based nanofluids inside square heat exchanger

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In recent decades, the growth of heat transfer using nanomaterials in the conventional base fluid has caught the attention of researchers...     

Investigation of carbon steel anodic dissolution in ammonium chloride solutions using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The anodic dissolution of carbon steel in ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) solutions (5, 10, and 20 wt%) is investigated via various electrochemical techniques and other complementary techniques. The polarization measurements reveals that the carbon steel is susceptible to general corrosion. The impedance data taken at various overpotentials shows multiple loops, corresponding to capacitance, inductance, and negative capacitance, and the number of time constants observed is also not the same for various NH₄Cl concentrations. From reaction mechanism analysis, a multi-step reaction mechanism with three adsorbed intermediates and three dissolution paths (one chemical path and two electrochemical paths) is proposed to describe the observed patterns in impedance measurements. The surface coverage of intermediate species and the contribution of chemical reaction and electrochemical reaction to the overall corrosion rate are also estimated from the proposed model. The results obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements are also reported.     

CERIC-ERIC,a New Opportunity for Synchrotron and Multi-Technique Research

Anew initiative to facilitate interdisciplinary research on advanced materials, biomaterials, and nanotechnology has begun operation in Europe. CERIC, the Central European Research Infrastructure Consortium, is a partnership between two synchrotrons and seven other advanced, user-based research centers, each in a different country participating in the consortium (see Figure 1).     

Kinetics of carbon steel dissolution in ammonium chloride solution containing sodium thiosulfate

The dissolution behavior of carbon steel in ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) solution containing sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) of various concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 M) was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and other nonelectrochemical techniques. The weight loss and polarization measurements indicate a significant increase in the NH₄Cl corrosion rate of carbon steel on addition of Na₂S₂O_3. The EIS measurements exhibited two capacitive loops at multiple direct current (dc) potentials for both the concentrations. Electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) and reaction mechanism analysis (RMA) were employed to analyze the impedance data. A four-step mechanism with two intermediate adsorbate species of same charge was proposed to explain the dissolution behavior of carbon steel in the given system. The surface coverage values enumerated that the surface was entirely covered with adsorbed species unlike in the pure NH₄Cl system. Charge transfer resistance and polarization resistance values estimated from RMA parameters indicate the increase in a dissolution rate with dc potential. The surface morphology was inspected via field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the corrosion products including surface state of carbon steel electrode were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.     

Terahertz absorption spectra of commonly used antimalarial drugs

Optical Review - Terahertz (THz) spectra from the pure forms [i.e. the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)] of four commonly used antimalarial drugs are reported. The well-defined spectral...     

Meeting Report: Ten Years of Atomic and Molecular Science at Elettra

On the 31^st of May and the 1^st of June, 2007, a workshop to celebrate 10 years of atomic and molecular science was held at Elettra. The occasion marked the 10^th anniversary since the first beamtime was officially allocated to a user at the Gas Phase beamline, namely George King of Manchester University. As a satisfied user, King was not only present, but had beamtime during the workshop.     

Fifth Italian-Australian Workshop on Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Imaging for Life Sciences and Cultural Heritage

Italian and Australian synchrotron scientists came together May 14–15, 2012, at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, for the latest of a series of topical workshops, the Fifth Italian-Australian Workshop on Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Imaging for Life Sciences and Cultural Heritage. Both scientific communities are interested in applying synchrotron light to solve problems in medicine, zoology, archaeology, art conservation and analysis, palaeontology, and musical instruments.