Evaluation of light scattering properties and chromophore concentrations in skin tissue based on diffuse reflectance signals at isosbestic wavelengths of hemoglobin

Optical Review - We investigate a method to evaluate light-scattering properties and chromophore concentrations in human skin tissue through diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using the reflectance...     

Color adjustment algorithm adapted to the spectral reflectance estimation method

We are developing a daily health monitoring system that uses mobile phones with cameras and analyzes physiological conditions from R, G, and B intensity levels. However, since it is affected by various imaging conditions of the image input, color correction is required for accurate health monitoring. Therefore, we developed and validated a colorcorrection algorithm to derive reliable color information by correcting the spectral reflectance using the Wiener estimation and a color chart.     

In vivo multispectral imaging of the absorption and scattering properties of exposed brain using a digital red–green–blue camera

Optical Review - To evaluate multi-spectral images of the absorption and scattering properties in the cerebral cortex of rat brain, we investigated spectral reflectance images estimated by the...     

In vivo estimation of optical properties of rat liver using single-reflectance fiber probe during ischemia and reperfusion

Optical Review - To quantify the changes in optical properties of in vivo rat liver tissue, we applied diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) system using single-reflectance fiber probe during...     

Adaptive exponential approximation of optical density ratio using third-order regression equations for depth profiling of a blood inclusion in a skin tissue model

We propose the use of the third-order multiple regression equations in approximating an optical density ratio with an adaptive exponential function for measuring depth and thickness of a blood inclusion embedded in a skin tissue model. To ensure accuracy of the exponential approximation, we investigated numerically various relations of optical density ratios versus depth and thickness, on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations for a layered skin tissue model. The third-order multiple regression analysis based on the relations above was used to derive regression equations for the determination of depth and thickness. Experiments with skin tissue phantoms were used to assess this approach.     

Decay Time of 2.09 eV Luminescence of S2--Vacancy Centers and Their Optical and Thermal Stability in NaCl:S2 Crystals

An investigation was carried out on decay time of the 2.09 eV emission of S²–vacancy pair centers in NaCl crystals. When the crystal was excited by a pulsed 337 nm light from an N₂ laser, the 2.09 eV yellow luminescence principally decayed with the lifetime of 14.2 μs at low temperatures, and exhibited a weak thermal quenching with an activation energy of 51.3 meV above about 150 K. Such S^2--vacancy pair centers responsible for the 2.09 eV luminescence were thermally stable at room temperature, and not bleached even when exposed to ultraviolet lights below about 5 eV. Thus, the 2.09 eV emission center possibly can be used as a solid-state laser active center working at room temperature.     

Simulated reflectance spectra and point spread functions in database constructed by moderate grouping of nine layers in skin model

Optical Review - This paper presents a numerical study on simulated spectra and point spread functions in the database that we constructed by moderate grouping of nine layers in a skin model. The...     

Dynamical structure of α-Ag0.99Cu0.01I crystal by Cu NMR chemical shift, spin-lattice relaxation time and molecular dynamics simulation

Solid ⁶³Cu NMR and Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods have been used to investigate the dynamical structure of Ag_0.99Cu_0.01I crystal, through the viewpoint of the chemical shift and the spin-lattice relaxation. In the superionic phase (α-phase), we obtained the temperature variation of the chemical shift as −0.2 ppm/K, and the activation energy of the Cu⁺ ion diffusion as 11 kJ/mol. The temperature dependence of the chemical shift was explained by the calculated chemical shielding surface based on ab initio MO calculation, and by the probability density of Cu⁺ ion estimated by MD simulation. The spin-lattice relaxation was also analyzed by using the MD method in which we assumed two jumping models as the diffusion process of the mobile cations. It is concluded that the temperature dependence of the chemical shift is dominated by the shielding in the vicinity of the 24(h) site, and the observed activation energy is due to the diffusion process of the mobile cations jumping from the 6(b) intrasub-lattice to the nearest-neighbor 6(b) sub-lattice.