Predictable quantum efficient detector for low optical flux measurements

Optical Review - The predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) is a primary standard of optical power, which utilizes two custom-made induced-junction photodiodes that are mounted in a wedged...     

Calibration of Near-Infrared Detectors Using a Wavelength Tunable Light Source

Optical Review - This paper presents the spectral responsivity calibrations of two indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) and one germanium based near-infrared photovoltaic detectors using a wavelength...     

Low-loss photon-to-electron conversion

Silicon photodiodes with induced junction structure can reach low-loss photon-to-electron conversion. The calculated conversion efficiency in the visible wavelength range typically deviates less than 10 ppm from unity and its uncertainty is about 100 ppm at room temperature or as low as 1 ppm at 78 K. Here we show experimentally that our dedicated induced junction photodiodes indeed have very low conversion losses when they are assembled in a light trapping structure as provided by, for example, the predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED). It is concluded that the remaining measured losses, if any, are probably due to surface recombination of electrons and holes close to the silicon/silicon dioxide interface of the photodiode.