Stable and Storable N(CF3)2 Transfer Reagents

Fluorinated groups are essential for drug design, agrochemicals, and materials science. The bis(trifluoromethyl)amino group is an example of a stable group that has a high potential. While the number of molecules containing perfluoroalkyl, perfluoroalkoxy, and other fluorinated groups is steadily increasing, examples with the N(CF₃)₂ group are rare. One reason is that transfer reagents are scarce and metal-based storable reagents are unknown. Herein, a set of Cu^I and Ag^I bis(trifluoromethyl)amido complexes stabilized by N- and P-donor ligands with unprecedented stability are presented. The complexes are stable solids that can even be manipulated in air for a short time. They are bis(trifluoromethyl)amination reagents as shown by nucleophilic substitution and Sandmeyer reactions. In addition to a series of benzylbis(trifluoromethyl)amines, 2-bis(trifluoromethyl)amino acetate was obtained, which, upon hydrolysis, gives the fluorinated amino acid N,N-bis(trifluoromethyl)glycine.     

在材料研制中的连续介质细观力学有限元建模现状评论（译文）

评述了机械载荷下材料力学行为有限元模拟的先进技术.分析 了考虑材料微观及细观结构情况下，对材料变形、损伤、断裂进行模 拟时各种方法的优缺点及发展前景.阐述了对材料行为模拟方法的发 展，包括基本的及先进的方法，如体胞方法、真实结构模拟、粘结区 模型等.分析了在先进新材料的开发中运用有限元方法的可能性     

On the risk-based steam generator lifetime optimisation

A probabilistic fracture mechanics model is employed to estimate the failure probability of axially cracked steam generator tubes. The model estimates the failure probability from the random changes of the influencing parameters such as tube and crack geometry, material properties and non-destructive examination results, reliability and sizing accuracy and stable crack propagation. The performance of the model is illustrated by a numerical example. A steam generator tubing severely affected by the stress corrosion cracking is studied during most unfavourable accidental conditions. Two different plugging approaches are analyzed and the quality is compared, showing the superior performance of crack length oriented approach over tube wall thickness reduction both in terms of SG failure probability and extent of plugging. Thus, apart from setting the acceptable SG failure probability, all elements for the risk-based SG lifetime optimisation are provided on the example of stress corrosion cracking in the tube expansion transition zone.     

Loss of contact between an elastic layer and half-space

The plane problem of smooth contact between an elastic layer and a half-space is analyzed. The layer is pressed against the half-space by a uniform load applied over its entire surface except for one region of finite length. The solution is given as the sum of solutions to two plane problems, one of which is known a priori. The analysis of the other problem leads to an inhomogeneous Fredholm integral equation for an auxiliary function that is related to the contact pressure. The boundedness of the contact stress at the end of the contact is used to determine the region of separation. The integral equation is solved numerically and the relevant physical quantities are computed and presented in the form of curves.

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Résumé On analyse le problème du contact glissant entre une couche élastique et un demi-espace. La couche est pressée sur le demi-espace par une charge uniforme appliquée à sa surface entière, à l'exception d'une région de longueur finie. La solution est donnée comme une somme des solutions de deux problèmes plans, dont l'une est connue à priori. L'analyse de l'autre est amené à une équation intégrale non-homogène de Fredholm pour une fonction auxiliaire qui dépend de la pression de contact. Le fait que la pression du contact ne peu pas être infinie aux extrémités du contact est utilisé pour déterminer la région de séparation. L'équation intégrale est résolue de façon numérique et les quantités physiques importantes sont calculées et présentées en forme des courbes.