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F. Einar Kruis 《中国颗粒学报》2005,(2)
A new procedure was developed for estimating the effective collision diameter of an aggregate composed of primary particles of any size. The coagulation coefficient of two oppositely charged particles was measured experimentally and compared with classic Fuchs theory, including a new method to account for particle non-sphericity. A second set of experiments were performed on well-defined nanoparticle aggregates at different stages of sintering, i.e. from the aggregate to the fully sintered stage. Here, electrical mobility was used to characterize the particle drag. The aggregates are being built from two different size-fractionated nanoparticle aerosols, the non-aggregated particles are discarded by an electrofilter and then they are passed through a furnace at concentrations low enough not to induce coagulation. 相似文献
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T. G. G. Maffeïs G. T. Owen C. Malag G. Martinelli M. K. Kennedy F. E. Kruis S. P. Wilks 《Surface science》2004,550(1-3):21-25
In this work, we report a scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) study of 30 and 10 nm tin dioxide nanoparticles. The STS spectra give a surface band gap of 2.5 eV for both samples and show that the density of surface states in the band gap is around 6 times higher for the 30 nm particles than for the 10 nm particles. This provides direct experimental evidence for our theoretical model, which predicts a decrease in the surface state density as the particle size decreases, and partly accounts for the improved sensitivity of gas sensing devices fabricated with nanoparticles. 相似文献
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The inversion of the particle size distribution from electrical mobility measurements is analyzed.Three different methods are adapted for a dot-matrix approach to the problem,especially for non-square or singular matrices,and applied to electrical mobility measurements from fixed or scanning voltages.Multiply charged particles,diffusion losses,arbitrary voltage steps and noise were considered,which results in non-adjoining and overlapping transfer functions.The individual contribution of the transfer functions in each size interval was geometrically estimated,which requires only its characteristic mobilities.The methodology is applied to mobility measurements from particles charged with unipolar and bipolar chargers.However,the method can be extrapolated to any charging method with a defined charge distribution,and retrieval of the singly charged particle distribution and mean charge from a tandem differential mobility analysis configuration was successfully demonstrated. 相似文献
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Berendsen CW Zeegers JC Kruis GC Riepen M Darhuber AA 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(26):9977-9985
Thin liquid films on partially wetting substrates are subjected to laminar axisymmetric air-jets impinging at normal incidence. We measured the time at which film rupture occurs and dewetting commences as a function of diameter and Reynolds number of the air-jet. We developed numerical models for the air flow as well as the height evolution of the thin liquid film. The experimental results were compared with numerical simulations based on the lubrication approximation and a phenomenological expression for the disjoining pressure. We achieved quantitative agreement for the rupture times. We found that the film thickness profiles were highly sensitive to the presence of minute quantities of surface-active contaminants. 相似文献
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Menéndez FE Espina Aránzazu Trobajo Camino García José R. Rodríguez Julio 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》1993,15(3):215-230
Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry - The intercalation reactions betweenn-alkylamines and α-titanium phosphate in aqueous media have been investigated. The compounds with... 相似文献
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Roy A Polarz S Rabe S Rellinghaus B Zähres H Kruis FE Driess M 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,10(6):1565-1575
A method is presented to prepare nanocrystalline alpha-Zn(2)SiO(4) with the smallest crystal size reported so far for this system. Our approach combines the advantages of organometallic single-source precursor routes with aerosol processing techniques. The chemical design of the precursor enables the preferential formation of pure zinc silicates. Since gas-phase synthesis reduces intermolecular processes, and keeps the particles small, zinc silicate was synthesized from the volatile organometallic precursor [[MeZnOSiMe(3)](4)], possessing a Zn-methyl- and O-silyl-substituted Zn(4)O(4)-heterocubane framework (cubane), under oxidizing conditions, using the chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) method. The products obtained under different process conditions and their structural evolution after sintering were investigated by using various analytical techniques (powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, EDX analysis, solid-state NMR, IR, Raman, and UV/Vis spectroscopy). The deposited aerosol obtained first (processing temperature 750 degrees C) was amorphous, and contained agglomerates with primary particles of 12 nm in size. These primary particles can be described by a [Zn-O-Si] phase without long-range order. The deposit obtained at 900 degrees C contained particles with embedded nanocrystallites (3-5 nm) of beta-Zn(2)SiO(4), Zn(1.7)SiO(4), and ZnO in an amorphous matrix. On further ageing, the as-deposited particles obtained at 900 degrees C form alpha-Zn(2)SiO(4) imbedded in amorphous SiO(2). The crystallite sizes and primary particle sizes in the formed alpha-Zn(2)SiO(4) were found to be below approximately 50 nm and mainly spherical in morphology. A gas-phase mechanism for the particle formation is proposed. In addition, the solid-state reactions of the same precursor were studied in detail to investigate the fundamental differences between a gas-phase and a solid-state synthesis route. 相似文献
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Higher surface energy of free nanoparticles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present an accurate online method for the study of size-dependent evaporation of free nanoparticles allowing us to detect a size change of 0.1 nm. This method is applied to Ag nanoparticles. The linear relation between the onset temperature of evaporation and the inverse of the particle size verifies the Kelvin effect and predicts a surface energy of 7.2 J/m(2) for free Ag nanoparticles. The surface energy of nanoparticles is significantly higher as compared to that of the bulk and is essential for processes such as melting, coalescence, evaporation, growth, etc., of nanoparticles. 相似文献
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K. Elihn F. Otten M. Boman P. Heszler F.E. Kruis H. Fissan J.-O. Carlsson 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2001,72(1):29-34
Iron-containing nanoparticles were made by laser-assisted (ArF excimer laser, λ=193 nm) photolytic dissociation of ferrocene
(Fe(C5H5)2 or FeCp2) in argon and an oxygen/argon gas mixture. The particle-size distributions were obtained on-line by using differential mobility
analysers (DMAs) and were found to be log-normal with a geometric standard deviation of 1.85. In argon, particle sizes between
3 and 100 nm were generated. The volumes of these particles were found to increase linearly with the increased repetition
rate, fluence and beam size of the laser. These observations are explained on the basis of the residence-time approach model.
Received: 23 November 1999 / Accepted: 19 September 2000 / Published online: 22 November 2000 相似文献