89Zr Labeled Fe3O4@TiO2 Nanoparticles: In Vitro Afffinities with Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells

In this study, Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized as a new Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) hybrid imaging agent and radiolabeled with ⁸⁹Zr. In addition, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized and radiolabeled with ⁸⁹Zr. Df-Bz-NCS was used as bifunctional ligand. The nanoconjugates were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Radiolabeling yields were 100%. Breast and prostate cancer cell affinities and cytotoxicity were determined using in vitro cell culture assays. The results demonstrated that Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ nanoparticles are promising for PET/MR imaging. Finally, unlike Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ nanoparticles showed a fluorescence spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 250 nm and an emission wavelength of 314 nm. Therefore, in addition to bearing the magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ nanoparticles display fluorescence emission. This provides them with photodynamic therapy potential. Therefore multimodal treatment was performed with the combination of PDT and RT by using human prostate cancer cell line (PC3). The development of ⁸⁹Zr-Df-Bz-NCS-Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ nanoparticles as a new multifunctional PET/MRI agent with photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia therapeutic ability would be very useful.     

Developing Novel Antimicrobial and Antiviral Textile Products

In conjunction with an increasing public awareness of infectious diseases, the textile industry and scientists are developing hygienic fabrics by the addition of various antimicrobial and antiviral compounds. In the current study, sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and triclosan are applied to cotton fabrics in order to gain antimicrobial and antiviral properties for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of textiles treated with 3 % sodium pentaborate pentahydrate, 0.03 % triclosan, and 7 % Glucapon has been investigated against a broad range of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Moreover, modified cotton fabrics were tested against adenovirus type 5 and poliovirus type 1. According to the test results, the modified textile goods attained very good antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Thus, the results of the present study clearly suggest that sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and triclosan solution-treated textiles can be considered in the development of antimicrobial and antiviral textile finishes.     

Electricity Production and Characterization of High-Strength Industrial Wastewaters in Microbial Fuel Cell

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) convert electrochemical energy into electrical energy immediately and have a big potential usage for the same time wastewater treatment and energy recovery via electro-active microorganisms. However, MFCs must be efficiently optimized due to its limitations such as high cost and low power production. Finding new materials to increase the cell performance and reduce cost for MFC anodes is mandatory. In the first step of this study, different inoculation sludges such as anaerobic gum industry wastewater, anaerobic brewery wastewater and anaerobic phosphate were tested, and MFC that was set up with anaerobic gum industry wastewater inoculation sludge exhibited the highest performance. In the second step of this study, various wastewaters such as chocolate industry, gum industry and slaughterhouse industry were investigated for anode bacteria sources. Several electrochemical techniques have been employed to elucidate how wastewaters affect the MFCs’ performance. Among all the mentioned wastewaters, the best performance was achieved by the MFCs fed with slaughterhouse wastewater; this device produced a maximum power density of 267 mW·m^?2.     

Copper(II) complexes with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid from the oxidation of copper(I) iodide

Via an oxidation reaction of Cu(I) iodide with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H₂L) in DMF three copper(II) complexes, [(CH₃)₂NH₂]₂[CuL₂] (1), K₂[CuL₂]?H₂L?H₂O (2) and [Cu(L)(H₂O)]_n (3), were synthesized and characterized. The structures of 1–3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. In-situ DMF decomposition produces dimethylamine base under solvothermal conditions and a proton transfer reaction takes place for the complex formation of 1. 3-D networks are stabilized in 1 and 2 via hydrogen bonds. Complex 3 is a 1-D coordination polymer with Cu-O semi-coordination bonds. Thermal decomposition of the complexes results in the corresponding metal oxides. Also, the electrochemical behavior of 1 was determined to be a metal-centered and diffusion-controlled, one-electron reduction process.     

On classification of four-dimensional nilpotent Leibniz algebras

Leibniz algebras are certain generalization of Lie algebras. In this paper, we give the classification of four-dimensional non-Lie nilpotent Leibniz algebras. We use the canonical forms for the congruence classes of matrices of bilinear forms and some other techniques to obtain our result.     

5-HT1A Serotonergic, α-Adrenergic and Opioidergic Receptors Mediate the Analgesic Efficacy of Vortioxetine in Mice

Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant drug that affects several brain neurochemicals and has the potential to induce various pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, we investigated the centrally mediated analgesic efficacy of this drug and the mechanisms underlying this effect. Analgesic activity of vortioxetine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) was examined by tail-clip, tail-immersion and hot-plate tests. Motor performance of animals was evaluated using Rota-rod device. Time course measurements (30–180 min) showed that vortioxetine (10 and 20 mg/kg) administrations significantly increased the response latency, percent maximum possible effect and area under the curve values in all of the nociceptive tests. These data pointed out the analgesic effect of vortioxetine on central pathways carrying acute thermal and mechanical nociceptive stimuli. Vortioxetine did not alter the motor coordination of mice indicating that the analgesic activity of this drug was specific. In mechanistic studies, pre-treatments with p-chlorophenylalanine (serotonin-synthesis inhibitor), NAN-190 (serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor antagonist), α-methyl-para-tyrosine (catecholamine-synthesis inhibitor), phentolamine (non-selective α-adrenoceptor blocker), and naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor blocker) antagonised the vortioxetine-induced analgesia. Obtained findings indicated that vortioxetine-induced analgesia is mediated by 5-HT_1A serotonergic, α-adrenergic and opioidergic receptors, and contributions of central serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmissions are critical for this effect.     

Graphene oxide-octadecylsilane incorporated monolithic nano-columns with 50 μm id and 100 μm id for small molecule and protein separation by nano-liquid chromatography

In this study, graphene oxide-octadecylsilane incorporated monolithic nano-columns were developed for protein analysis by nano liquid chromatography (nano LC). The monolithic column with 100 μm id was first prepared by an in situ polymerization using ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylate (HPMA-Cl), and methacryloyl graphene oxide nanoparticles (MGONPs). MGONPs were synthesized by the treatment of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (TMSPM) and GO. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dodecanol were used as the porogenic solvent. The resulting column was functionalized by dimethyloctadecylch lorosilane (DODCS) for the enhancement of hydrophobicity. The functionalization greatly improved the baseline separation of hydrophobic compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The optimized monolith with respect to total polymerization mixture was characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chromatographic analyses. The blank monoliths without functionalization exhibited poor separation while a good separation performance of MGONPs functionalized monoliths was achieved. The monolith with 100 μm id was evaluated in protein separation in nano LC using RNase A, Cytochrome C, Lysozyme, Trypsin, and Ca isozyme II as the test proteins. It was shown that protein separation mechanism was based on large π-system of GO and hydrophobicity of the monolithic structure. Theoretical plates number up to 57 600 plates were achieved. The nano-column with 50 μm id was also prepared using the same polymerization mixture under the same chemical conditions. These nano-columns were employed for protein separation by nano LC, and the dependence of both nano-column performance on the internal diameter was also discussed.     

Preparation of a 99mTc-labeled graft polymer and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The aim of this study is the synthesis of a novel 99mTc-labeld graft polymer and the biological evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo properties....     

Delay equations with fluctuating delay related to the regenerative chatter

The mathematical models representing machine tool chatter dynamics have been cast as differential equations with delay. In this paper, non-linear delay differential equations with periodic delays which model the machine tool chatter with continuously modulated spindle speed are studied. The explicit time-dependent delay terms, due to spindle speed modulation, are replaced by state-dependent delay terms by augmenting the original equations. The augmented system of equations is autonomous and has two pairs of pure imaginary eigenvalues without resonance. The reduced bifurcation equation is obtained by making use of Lyapunov-Schmidt Reduction method. By using the reduced bifurcation equations, the periodic solutions are determined to analyze the tool motion. Analytical results show both modest increase of stability and existence of periodic solutions near the new stability boundary.