Head-to-head bisbenzazole derivatives as antiproliferative agents: design,synthesis, in vitro activity,and SAR analysis

Molecular Diversity - In the present work, a series of bisbenzazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as antiproliferative agents. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was...     

Approximation by Gamma type operators

In this study, we introduce newly defined Gamma operators which preserve constants and e^2μ·, μ>0 functions. In accordance with this purpose, we focus on their approximation properties such as uniform convergence, rate of convergence, asymptotic formula, and saturation results. Superior properties of introduced operators have been tested both theoretically and numerically in certain senses to highlight the performance of the new constructions of Gamma operators.     

Spatio-spectral analyses of electromagnetic wave energy absorption and heating effect

This study presents a theoretical analysis method to calculate electromagnetic (EM) wave power absorption spectrum of materials by using attenuation coefficients. The heating effect of EM waves is modeled to analyze spectral distribution of temperature rises inside material body as a result of EM wave power absorption. These analyses are very useful for the investigation of electromagnetic wave-material interaction on the bases of electro-physical material parameters (permittivity, permeability and conductivity). An illustrative analysis of spatio-spectral distribution of EM wave energy absorption and resulting heating effect were conducted for muscle tissues and the results are discussed.     

Negative refractions by triangular lattice sonic crystals in partial band gaps

This study numerically demonstrates the effects of partial band gaps on the negative refraction properties of sonic crystal. The partial band gap appearing at the second band edge leads to the efficient transmissions of scattered wave envelopes in the transverse directions inside triangular lattice sonic crystal, and therefore enhances the refraction property of sonic crystal. Numerical simulation results indicate a diagonal guidance of coupled scattered wave envelopes inside crystal structure at the partial band gap frequencies and then output waves are restored in the vicinity of the output interface of sonic crystal by combining phase coherent scattered waves according to Huygens' principles. This mechanism leads to two operations for wavefront engineering: one is spatial wavefront shifting operation and the other is convex–concave wavefront inversion operation. The effects of this mechanism on the negative refraction and wave focalization are investigated by using the finite difference time domain(FDTD) simulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of negative refraction and wave focusing mechanisms at the band edge frequencies, and shows the applications of the slab corner beam splitting and SC-air multilayer acoustic system.     

A survey of optimization models on cancer chemotherapy treatment planning

While chemotherapy is an effective method for treating cancers such as colorectal cancer, its effectiveness may be dampened by the drug resistance and it may have significant side effects due to the destruction of normal cells during the treatment. As a result, there is a need for research on choosing an optimal chemotherapy treatment plan that minimizes the number of cancerous cells while ensuring that the total toxicity is below an allowable limit. In this paper, we summarize the mathematical models applied to the optimal design of the cancer chemotherapy. We first elaborate on a typical optimization model and classify relevant literature with respect to modeling methods: Optimal control model (OCM) and others. We further classify the OCM models with respect to the solution method used. We discuss the limitations of the existing research and provide several directions for further research in optimizing chemotherapy treatment planning.     

Effects of wave propagation anisotropy on the wave focusing by negative refractive sonic crystal flat lenses

<正>In this study,wave propagation anisotropy in a triangular lattice crystal structure and its associated waveform shaping in a crystal structure are investigated theoretically.A directional variation in wave velocity inside a crystal structure is shown to cause bending wave envelcpes.The authors report that a triangular lattice sonic crystal possesses six numbers of a high symmetry direction,which leads to a wave convergence caused by wave velocity anisotropy inside the crystal.However,two of them are utilized mostly in wave focusing by an acoustic flat lens.Based on wave velocity anisotropy,the pseudo ideal imaging effect obtained in the second band of the flat lens is discussed.     

Modeling secrecy and deception in a multiple-period attacker–defender signaling game

In this paper, we apply game theory to model strategies of secrecy and deception in a multiple-period attacker–defender resource-allocation and signaling game with incomplete information. At each period, we allow one of the three possible types of defender signals—truthful disclosure, secrecy, and deception. We also allow two types of information updating—the attacker updates his knowledge about the defender type after observing the defender’s signals, and also after observing the result of a contest (if one occurs in any given time period). Our multiple-period model provides insights into the balance between capital and expense for defensive investments (and the effects of defender private information, such as defense effectiveness, target valuations, and costs), and also shows that defenders can achieve more cost-effective security through secrecy and deception (possibly lasting more than one period), in a multiple-period game.