原子与原子核的新形态——介子原子和介子核

 普通原子核由质子和中子组成。随着实验和理论研究的发展,人们认识到还存在着另外一类奇特的原子和原子核--介子原子和介子核。这些新形态的原子和原子核在自然界中是很难找到的,原因是它们的寿命很短。只有在实验室中才能观测到这些奇特的原子和原子核,所以一直不太被人们了解。然而近年来,新的实验现象和新的理论分析使人们对介子原子和介子核有了新的认识。我们在介绍介子原子和介子核之前,首先对介子作一个简单的介绍。介子跟核子一样都是参与强相互作用的粒子,各种介子都是由一个正夸克和一个反夸克组成的两夸克系统。不同的介子由不同的夸克组成。     

Mg,Si和S同位素链的壳反常

采用考虑轴向形变的相对论平均场理论,以双中子、双质子分离能隙δ_2n/δ_2p作为壳封闭的特征,分析了Mg,Si和S同位素链的壳封闭和壳反常,发现Mg同位素链在N=12,16处,Si同位素链在N=14,S同位素链在N?=16处出现明显的壳封闭结构,Si同位素链在N=28处壳层结构并没有消失.Mg,Si和S同位素链在N=20处壳效应并不太明显.     

中高能核物理中的几个问题

简要介绍和评述了近几年来中高能核物理中一些受关注的问题,重点介绍了核子电磁形状因子和K^-介子与原子核相互作用势强度问题。 Several problems in intermediate and high energy nuclear physics have attracted considerable attention in these years: （1） Nucleon electromagnetic form factors. There is a systematic difference between the recently measured data from high energy polarized electron-nucleon scattering experiments and the previous Rosenbluth results. （2） The strength of K^- nucleus optical potentials. It varies qualitatively from different analyyses on K^- nucleus interactions. In this paper, the above problems are discussed and reviewed briefly.     

核物质中五夸克重子态(θ) +的有效质量

在相对论平均场框架下,根据夸克介子耦合模型思想引入密度相关的标量耦合系数gNσ ,计算了密度相关耦合系数下,核物质标量密度、五夸克重子态(θ) 有效质量随核物质密度的变化情况,并与不变耦合系数下情况相比较.发现在低密度区域,密度相关的耦合系数对其影响很小,但在高密区域影响明显.表明,在密度相关的耦合系数影响下,标量介子与重子的相互作用在高密度区域被削弱.     

Ξ超子-核子有效相互作用Skyrme力参数的初步研究

在SkyrmeHartreeFock理论框架下,根据已有实验数据首次对ΞN有效相互作用进行了研究,初步确定了ΞN的Skyrme有效力参数,并由此计算了几种Ξ超核的势阱深度和相应的Ξ超子单粒子能级,以及Ξ超子在核中的均方根半径和相应超核的电荷分布半径,在较大的范围内得到了合理的结果.     

超核物理学进展

简要评述超核物理学近几年的发展,包括常规超核和非常规超核两个方面.对于包含通常超子的常规超核,重点介绍近来在日本KEK完成的一批超核实验及其理论分析.对其中关于超子杂质效应和超子平均自由路程等实验测量结果进行了理论分析,得到一些有意义的结果.并对奇异数为S=-2的Ξ超核的结构和性质进行了若干研究.对于包含C夸克或B夸克的其他味超核,以及可能的包含pentaquark的θ+超核也做了适当的介绍. Progress and recent status of experimental and theoretical investigations on hypernuclear physics are briefly reviewed, including conventional hypernuclear physics and unconventional hypernuclear physics. We introduce the recent progress of hypernuclear experiments in KEK, Japan and the studies of fine structure in γ-ray spectroscopy of Λ hypernuclei. The spin-flip transition between the ground-state spin doublet of light hypernuclei has been observed and the transition energy provides important..     

$\Lambda$ resonances studied in $K^-p\rightarrow \Sigma^0\pi^0$ in a chiral quark model

A chiral quark-model approach is extended to the study of the $\bar{K}N$ scattering at low energies. The process of $K^-p\rightarrow \Sigma^0\pi^0$ at $P_K\lesssim 800$ MeV/c (i.e. the center mass energy $W\lesssim 1.7$ GeV) is investigated. The $\Lambda(1405)S_{01}$ dominates the reactions over the energy region considered here. Around $P_K\simeq 400$ MeV/c, the $\Lambda(1520)D_{03}$ is responsible for a strong resonant peak in the cross section. Our analysis suggests that there exist configuration mixings within the $\Lambda(1405)S_{01}$ and $\Lambda(1670)S_{01}$ as admixtures of the $[\textbf{70},^2\textbf{1},1/2]$ and $[\textbf{70},^2\textbf{8},1/2]$ configurations. The $\Lambda(1405)S_{01}$ is dominated by $[\textbf{70},^2\textbf{1},1/2]$, and $\Lambda(1670)S_{01}$ by $[\textbf{70},^2\textbf{8},1/2]$. The non-resonant background contributions, i.e. $u$-channel and $t$-channel, also play important roles in the explanation of the angular distributions due to amplitude interferences.     

K－p scattering and hyperon excitations in a chiral quark model

A chiral quark-model approach is employed to study theˉ KN scattering at low energies.The processes of Kˉp → Σ 0 π 0,Λπ 0 andˉ K 0 n at P K 800 MeV/c （i.e.the center mass energy W 1.7 GeV） are investigated.The analysis shows that the Λ（1405）S 01 dominates the processes Kˉp → Σ 0 π 0,ˉ K 0 n in the energy region considered here.Around P K 400 MeV/c,the Λ（1520）D 03 is responsible for a strong resonant peak in the cross section of Kˉp → Σ 0 π 0 andˉ K 0 n.To reproduce the data,an unexpectedly large coupling for Λ（1520）D 03 to KN is needed.In contrast,the coupling for Λ（1670）S 01 to KN appears to be weak,which could be due to configuration mixings between Λ（1405）S 01 and Λ（1670）S 01 .By analyzing Kˉ p → Λπ 0,evidences for two low mass S-wave states,Σ（1480）S 11 and Σ（1560）S 11,seem to be available.With these two states,the reaction Kˉp →ˉ K 0 n can also be described well.However,it is difficult to understand the low masses of Σ（1480）S 11 and Σ（1560）S 11 .The s-channel amplitudes for Kˉp → Λπ 0 are also larger than the naive quark model expectations.The non-resonant background contributions,i.e.t-channel and/or u-channel,also play important roles in the explanation of the angular distributions due to amplitude interferences.     

A～50区同位素的相对论平均场研究

利用轴向形变相对论平均场理论计算了A～50区的核基态性质,结果表明,在Fe同位素链中最稳定的核是⁵⁶Fe和⁵⁸Fe而不是通常的⁵⁴Fe;给出了⁴⁶Cr,⁵⁰Fe和⁵⁴N(N=Z－2),⁴⁵Cr,⁴⁹Fe和⁵³Ni(N=Z－3)核的质子和中子分离能,分析了它们的稳定性.