多模式离子推力器输入参数设计及工作特性研究

针对我国小行星探测任务对电推进系统离子推力器设计要求,基于等离子体基本理论建立了多模式离子推力器输入参数与输出特性关系,完成各工作点下屏栅电压、束电流、阳极电流、加速电压,流率等输入参数设计,采用试验研究和理论分析的方法研究了推力器工作特性.试验结果表明:在设计输入参数下,23个工作点推力最大误差小于3%,比冲最大误差小于4%,在功率为289—3106 W下,推力为9.7—117.6 mN,比冲为1220—3517 s,效率为23.4%—67.8%,电子返流极限电压随着推力增加单调减小,最小、最大推力下分别为-79.5 V和-137 V,放电损耗随着功率增大从359.7 W/A下降到210 W/A,并在886 W时存在明显拐点,效率随功率增大而上升,在1700 W后增速变缓并趋于稳定,在轨应用可综合推力器性能、任务剖面要求、寿命,合理设计输入参数区间,制定控制策略.     

Plasma-wave interaction in helicon plasmas near the lower hybrid frequency

We study the characteristics of plasma-wave interaction in helicon plasmas near the lower hybrid frequency. The (0D) dispersion relation is derived to analyze the properties of the wave propagation and a 1D cylindrical plasma-wave interaction model is established to investigate the power deposition and to implement the parametric analysis. It is concluded that the lower hybrid resonance is the main mechanism of the power deposition in helicon plasmas when the RF frequency is near the lower hybrid frequency and the power deposition mainly concentrates on a very thin layer near the boundary. Therefore, it causes that the plasma resistance has a large local peak near the lower hybrid frequency and the variation of the plasma density and the parallel wavenumber lead to the frequency shifting of the local peaks. It is found that the magnetic field is still proportional to the plasma density for the local maximum plasma resistance and the slope changes due to the transition.     

加速电压和阳极流率对离子推力器性能的影响

为了研究离子推力器输入参数对工作性能的影响,采用试验研究和理论分析的方法研究了离子推力器加速电压和阳极流率对离子推力器性能的影响.研究结果表明:一定范围内离子束流随着加速电压绝对值的减小不断减小,然后突然增大,大、小推力模式下的电子返流极限电压分别为–140 V和–115 V,放电电压、放电损耗随阳极流率减小单调增大,减速电流单调减小,通过调节阳极电流、栅间电压、工质气体流量,功率为300—4850 W下,推力为11—188 m N,比冲为1800—3567 s,效率为34%—67%,在3000 W时推力器最高效率达到67%,该转折点对推力器设计和应用有关键意义,应用要结合在轨任务剖面选择合理的工作参数区间.