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The wave-particle duality of a single particle with an n-dimensional internal degree of freedom is re-examined theo- retically in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The famous duality relation D2 + V2 〈 1 is always valid in this situation, where D is the distinguishability and V is the visibility. However, the sum of the particle information and the wave information, D2 V2, can be smaller than one for the input of a pure state if this initial pure state includes the internal degree of freedom of the particle, while the quantity D2~ V2 is always equal to one when the internal degree of freedom of the particle is excluded. 相似文献
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