高压剪切作用下三水铝石的结构稳定性

利用旋转式金刚石对顶砧压机(RDAC)结合显微激光拉曼光谱和微区X射线衍射,研究了三水铝石(γ-Al(OH)₃)在高压剪切作用下的结构稳定性。常温加压至1.5 GPa,旋转180°后,γ-Al(OH)₃的结构开始转变。初始样品在高波数段的4个羟基伸缩振动峰(3363、3434、3524和3618 cm^-1)相继消失,出现3303和3560 cm^-12个新峰。低波数段拉曼谱强度明显减弱,无非晶态宽峰;Al-O-Al变形振动双峰(568、539 cm^-1)和Al-O伸缩振动肩峰(321和307cm^-1)分别融合为一个振动峰;4个羟基变形振动峰(1052、1018、981和922 cm^-1)仍然可见。继续加压至3.5 GPa,旋转360°后卸至常压,高波数段新出现的两个羟基伸缩振动峰、原Al-O-Al变形振动峰和Al-O伸缩振动峰仍然可见。对比准静水压条件下γ-Al(OH)₃高压相的拉曼谱和相转变压力(约2.7 GPa),认为常温高压剪切作用下γ-Al(OH)₃脱羟基生成了H₂O和H₃O^-₂。卸压样品微区的X射线衍射谱进一步揭示,在高压剪切作用下,γ-Al(OH)₃的(OH)-Al-(OH)配位八面体骨架被破坏,沿c轴方向原子叠加的层间距缩小,对称性增强。这种不同于准静水压实验的结构改变来自腔体内压力的不均匀分布(0.5~4.5 GPa)。高压剪切作用下,三水铝石的结构稳定性研究对查明板块冷俯冲带中含水矿物的稳定性,推演俯冲板片的物理化学性质以及板块俯冲的速率具有重要意义。     

高氯酸钠高压相变的拉曼光谱证据

利用金刚石压腔高压装置,在0~20GPa压力范围对高氯酸钠(NaClO4)开展室温高压原位拉曼光谱测试,结合密度函数理论,计算NaClO_4几种可能结构的拉曼光谱,研究NaClO_4的压致相变现象,并确定其高压相晶体结构。实验结果显示:常温下硬石膏型结构的NaClO_4在约4GPa时开始相变,在低压相ClO-4四面体内模振动ν_1(Ag)拉曼峰的低波数侧出现新峰,并在ν_2、ν_3、ν_4波数区出现多个新峰,反映高压相仍保持ClO-4四面体配位特征;如同NaClO_4低压相,高压相也未观察到离子间的晶格振动峰;相变在6.1GPa时转变完全,直到最高实验压力19.5GPa,也没有观察到进一步的相变现象。卸压过程中,于3.1GPa开始从高压相转变成低压硬石膏相,1.7GPa时相变完成。对比8.8GPa实验观察的NaClO4高压相拉曼光谱和理论计算的8.0GPa时3种可能高压相(AgMnO_4型、重晶石型和独居石型)的拉曼光谱发现,实验观测结果与计算的独居石型结构基本一致,而与AgMnO_4型结构和重晶石型结构有明显差别。由此确定实验观察的NaClO_4高压相为独居石型结构,与相同结构的典型矿物硬石膏(CaSO_4)于2GPa转变成独居石结构相一致。上述实验现象表明,NaClO_4在4GPa左右发生可逆的重构型相变,与文献报道的NaClO_4于2GPa左右转变成AgMnO_4型结构、于3GPa左右进一步转变成重晶石型结构不一致,推测可能与他们的样品中含有少量水有关,或与高温高压实验环境有关,高压同时高温也许导致NaClO_4更复杂的变化。研究结果对于理解火星上广泛存在的高氯酸盐是否与火星内部火山作用相关,以及地球内部氯元素在板块俯冲、地幔柱等物质循环过程中的可能变化和作用有所助益。     

First-order character of the displacive structural transition in BaWO₄

Nearly all displacive transitions have been considered to be continuous or second order,and the rigid unit mode(RUM) provides a natural candidate for the soft mode.However,in-situ X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements show clearly the first-order evidences for the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive transition in BaWO 4:a 1.6% volume collapse,coexistence of phases,and hysteresis on release of pressure.Such first-order signatures are found to be the same as the soft modes in BaWO 4,which indicates the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive phase transition hides a deeper physical mechanism.By the refinement of atomic displacement parameters,we further show that the first-order character of this phase transition stems from a coupling of large compression of soft BaO 8 polyhedrons to the small displacive distortion of rigid WO 4 tetrahedrons.Such a coupling will lead to a deeper physical insight in the phase transition of the common scheelite-structured compounds.     

Raman Investigation of BaWO4-II Phase under Hydrostatic Pressures up to 14.8GPa

The BaW04-17 phase is synthesized at 5.0 GPa and 610~C with a cubic-anvil apparatus and identified by XRD. Raman scattering measurement is carried out to investigate the phase behaviour of a pure BaW04-Ⅱ phase （space group P21/n, Z = 8） under hydrostatic pressures up to 14.8 GPa at ambient temperature. In each spectrum recorded for this phase, 27 Raman modes are observed, and all bands shift toward higher wavenumber with a pressure dependence ranging from 3.8 to 0.2 cm- 1/GPa. No pressure-driven phase transition occurs in the entire pressure range in this study. Our results indicate that the previously reported high pressure phase of Ba WO4 at pressure above about 10 GPa and room temperature （Errandonea et al. Phys. Rev. B 73（2006）224103） is not the BaW04-Ⅱ phase.     

First-order character of the displacive structural transition in BaWO4

Nearly all displacive transitions have been considered to be continuous or second order, and the rigid unit mode （RUM） provides a natural candidate for the soft mode. However, in-situ X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements show clearly the first-order evidences for the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive transition in SaWO4： a 1.6% volume collapse, coexistence of phases, and hysteresis on release of pressure. Such first-order signatures are found to be the same as the soft modes in BaWO4, which indicates the scheelite-to-fergusonite displacive phase transition hides a deeper physical mechanism. By the refinement of atomic displacement parameters, we further show that the first-order character of this phase transition stems from a coupling of large compression of soft BaOs polyhedrons to the small displacive distortion of rigid WO4 tetrahedrons. Such a coupling will lead to a deeper physical insight in the phase transition of the common scheelite-structured compounds.     

斜锆石（ZrO2）高温高压相变的Raman光谱研究

 以Ar作压力介质，在0~23 GPa压力范围内，利用金刚石压腔装置（DAC）和激光加温技术，采用显微拉曼光谱进行原位测试，对处于准静水压力条件下的斜锆石开展高温高压相变研究。研究结果表明：室温下斜锆石ZrO₂于3.4 GPa时开始发生相变，到10.4 GPa时其明显转变成一个空间群为Pbca的斜方相。此新相随着压力升高，直到15.3 GPa，仍稳定存在。通过研究，首次获得了Pbca相的拉曼谱图。随后在15.3 GPa压力下进行了激光加温后淬火，结果发现，加热前的Pbca相又转变成了空间群为Pnam的PbCl₂结构类型的高压相，该相直到实验最高压力23 GPa仍稳定存在。     

金红石高温高压相变的Raman光谱特征

以Ar作压力介质,在准静水压力条件下,利用激光加热DAC技术和显微Raman光谱原位测试技术,在0～35 GPa压力范围开展金红石的高温高压相变研究。在室温条件下,金红石结构TiO₂于13.4 GPa开始转变成斜锆石相,于21 GPa时转变完全,并直到35 GPa时斜锆石相稳定存在。在压力分别为29.4和35.0 GPa时,用YAG激光器发出的波长为1.064 μm的红外激光束扫描加热样品,TiO₂斜锆石高压相转变成另一Pbca结构高压相。卸压时,Pbca相于26.3 GPa时转变成斜锆石相。斜锆石相转变成Pbca相需要加热才能发生,而卸压时却在较小的压力区间即迅速转变完全,两相转变压力边界在28 GPa左右。进一步卸压,斜锆石相直到11 GPa仍稳定,在7.6 GPa时斜锆石相与α-PbO2相两相共存,5 GPa时完全转变成α-PbO₂相,并直到常压该相以亚稳定态存在。     

金刚石Raman光谱荧光本底及其对高压原位Raman光谱测试的影响

金刚石对顶砧(diamond anvil cell,DAC)装置(如图1所示)是目前产生压力最高的静态高压实验装置,它以金刚石单晶作对顶砧单轴挤压样品产生高压,由于金刚石在很宽的能量范围对光子(可见光、高能X射线等)透明,在高压实验中可以通过显微镜观察样品,并可对样品进行高压原位X射线衍射和光谱(红外光谱、Raman光谱等)测试,这一特点使其在高压科学领域得到广泛的应用.在高压原位Raman光谱测试中,激发光源透过金刚石对顶砧照射到样品上产生Raman信号,样品的Raman信号穿过金刚石对顶砧经显微镜物镜收集并最终被探测器接收.与常规的Raman光谱测试相比,基于DAC装置的高压原位Raman光谱测试光路中多出了金刚石对顶砧,需要采用长焦物镜收集信号,并且随着实验压力的升高,样品的Raman信号强度降低,因此提高信噪比是获得较高质量高压原位Raman光谱的关键,而金刚石对顶砧的荧光本底是影响信噪比的关键因素.本文通过对20多颗金刚石对顶砧进行Raman光谱测试,对金刚石的Raman光谱信号(一级和二级)和非随机噪声进行了系统的评估,并结合高压原位Raman光谱测试的具体特点,探讨金刚石对顶砧荧光本底对测试结果的影响.