X射线衍射法定量分析蒙脱石中的α-SiO_2

矿物药蒙脱石(Montmorillonite)是一种硅铝酸盐复合物,由于其特殊的结构,所得到的蒙脱石或多或少的含有α-SiO_2,传统物理化学分析方法只能得到蒙脱石中总的二氧化硅含量,无法得到游离二氧化硅的含量。应用X射线衍射作为现代分析手段,基于待测物相的质量百分含量与该物相在样品中的X射线衍射强度成线性的原理,可确切给出混合物的物相和物相的含量。本文使用此方法快速、方便地测定了蒙脱石中的α-SiO_2含量。     

磁共振T2WI、DWI对直肠癌新辅助治疗疗效的评估价值

本研究探讨磁共振成像T2WI、弥散加权成像(DWI)在直肠癌新辅助治疗疗效的评估价值。选取直肠癌患者92例,给予新辅助治疗,比较治疗前后T2WI、DWI参数变化。治疗无效患者治疗后肿瘤绝对信号值(SIT)明显高于治疗有效患者(P<0.05),而肿瘤绝对信号值减低率(SITRR)、治疗后肿瘤相对信号值(SIT/M)、肿瘤相对信号值减低率(SIT/MRR)明显低于治疗有效患者(P<0.05);治疗无效患者治疗后表观扩散系数(ADC)值、ADC变化值明显低于治疗有效患者(P<0.05);治疗后SIT、SITRR、SIT/MRR预测治疗有效的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.671、0.950和0.879(P<0.05);治疗后ADC值、ADC变化值预测治疗有效的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.717和0.977(P<0.05)。磁共振T2WI图像参数、ADC在预测直肠癌新辅助治疗疗效中有较高的应用价值。     

Elastic properties of CaCO_3 high pressure phases from first principles

Elastic properties of three high pressure polymorphs of CaCO_3 are investigated based on first principles calculations.The calculations are conducted at 0 GPa–40 GPa for aragonite, 40 GPa–65 GPa for post-aragonite, and 65 GPa–150 GPa for the P2_1/c-h-CaCO_3 structure, respectively. By fitting the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state(EOS), the values of bulk modulus K_0 and pressure derivative K~'_0 are 66.09 GPa and 4.64 for aragonite, 81.93 GPa and 4.49 for post-aragonite, and 56.55 GPa and 5.40 for P2_1/c-h-CaCO_3, respectively, which are in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical data. Elastic constants, wave velocities, and wave velocity anisotropies of the three highpressure CaCO_3 phases are obtained. Post-aragonite exhibits 25.90%–32.10% V_P anisotropy and 74.34%–104.30% V_S splitting anisotropy, and P2_1/c-h-CaCO_3 shows 22.30%–25.40% V_Panisotropy and 42.81%–48.00% V_S splitting anisotropy in the calculated pressure range. Compared with major minerals of the lower mantle, CaCO_3 high pressure polymorphs have low isotropic wave velocity and high wave velocity anisotropies. These results are important for understanding the deep carbon cycle and seismic wave velocity structure in the lower mantle.     

月幔条件下水在橄榄石中扩散的实验研究

利用高温高压实验技术,对月幔条件下水在橄榄石中的扩散行为开展实验模拟研究,考察氧逸度、压力和温度对水沿橄榄石晶体不同晶轴扩散速率的影响。实验结果表明:在高氧逸度条件下水在橄榄石中的扩散速率比低氧逸度条件下更高;扩散速率与温度正相关,与压力负相关;水沿橄榄石[100]轴的扩散速率较高,沿[001]轴的扩散速率较低,且随着压力的升高,扩散的各向异性减弱。月幔条件下,即使未完全饱和时橄榄石中的羟基含量仍超过10-4,因此橄榄石可成为月球深部水的重要储库。通过对比岩浆上升及喷发速率与水在橄榄石熔体包裹体中的扩散速率可知,熔体包裹体在岩浆上升过程中不会出现水的丢失,而在岩浆喷发过程中极有可能由于扩散作用而丢失大量的水。因此,前人根据橄榄石熔体包裹体所推测的月幔水含量有可能仅是下限值。研究工作为准确推演月球演化历史提供基础科学依据。