基于反溯教学法的物理实验课程思政建设的探索

物理实验具有天生的“思政”教育属性，可以帮助学生树立爱国情怀，为培养学生客观进取、实事求是的世界观和人生观奠定基础。为实现高质量人才培养的目标，我们提出了物理实验的反溯效教学法，将现代科学技术新发展引入物理实验课程内容，激发学生探索欲和创造欲的同时，深挖物理实验中的思政元素，以此打通前沿科技发展、基本物理原理与现象、课程价值引领之间的联系，探索了物理实验的知识传授、能力提高与价值塑造三位一体的育人模式。本文以霍尔效应实验为例，探索了基于反溯效教学法的思政元素融入物理实验课程的方法。     

大学物理实验课反溯教学方法研究

为促进新形势下的“大学物理实验”课程体系改革，推动“高素质、创新型”人才培养朝新方向、高水平前进，北京科技大学“大学物理实验课反溯教学方法研究”课题组提出了物理实验课反溯教学方法，将现代科技的最新发展引入课程，对反溯教学方法进行了探索。课题组从实验现象出发，引导学生反溯基本物理学概念、原理和现象，并相应组织编排物理实验内容，激发学生的探索欲和创造欲，全面提升学生的学习兴趣和学习能力。课题组从实验室建设、新教材建设、新实验编排、本科生科技创新、实验课程与最新科研项目结合等多个角度出发，对“大学物理实验”课程体系进行了全面深化，促进学生变“要我学”为“我要学”,并取得了一系列教学成果。     

稳态法测量冰的导热系数

基于保护热板法原型,使用干冰-乙醇和乙二醇混合浴制造不同温度稳定低温环境之间的传热代替传统的加热传热,设计了冰的导热系数测量装置,在较大的温度范围(-70～-30℃)内实现了冰的导热系数稳定可靠的测量.同时充分借助电子式温度计高效测量数据,测得了冰在不同温度下和含有不同杂质情况下的导热系数变化规律,实验结果与参考值符合较好.利用杂质对冰的导热系数的影响规律,可以按需求调节冰的导热系数.     

Effect of carbon nanotubes addition on thermoelectric properties of Ca3Co4O9 ceramics

Increasing the phonon scattering center by adding nanoparticles to thermoelectric materials is an effective method of regulating the thermal conductivity. In this study, a series of Ca$_{3}$Co$_{4}$O$_{9}/x$ wt.% CNTs ($x=0$, 3, 5, 7, 10) polycrystalline ceramic thermoelectric materials by adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared with sol-gel method and cold-pressing sintering technology. The results of x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy show that the materials have a single-phase structure with high orientation and sheet like microstructure. The effect of adding carbon nanotubes to the thermoelectric properties of Ca$_{3}$Co$_{4}$O$_{9}$ was systematically measured. The test results of thermoelectric properties show that the addition of carbon nanotubes reduces the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the material. Nevertheless, the thermal conductivity of the samples with carbon nanotubes addition is lower than that of the samples without carbon nanotubes. At 625 K, the thermal conductivity of Ca$_{3}$Co$_{4}$O$_{9}$/10 wt.% CNTs sample is reduced to 0.408 W$\cdot$m$^{-1}\cdot$K$^{-1}$, which is about 73% lower than that of the original sample. When the three parameters are coupled, the figure of merit of Ca$_{3}$Co$_{4}$O$_{9}$/3 wt.% CNTs sample reaches 0.052, which is 29% higher than that of the original sample. This shows that an appropriate amount of carbon nanotubes addition can reduce the thermal conductivity of Ca$_{3}$Co$_{4}$O$_{9}$ ceramic samples and improve their thermoelectric properties.