一种用于软X射线激光去相干的单玻璃管光学透镜设计

激光具有亮度高、单色性好、高相干性及方向性好的优势,然而在激光成像、激光加工等场景只想利用其高亮度或高单色性,高相干性导致的干涉效应会影响和限制其应用效果.通过模拟计算的方法,设计了一种针对软X射线激光去相干的新型单玻璃管光学透镜.模拟结果显示,针对波长为10 nm、束腰半径为1.25 mm的软X射线激光光束,透镜入口端内直径5 mm、出口端内直径0.6 mm、长度15 cm的单玻璃管光学透镜在有效降低软X射线激光光束相干度的同时,在出口处获得了发散度为30—50 mrad的出射光束,相应的传输效率为78%,光强增益为52.74.针对波长不低于1 nm的激光光束,该型号的单玻璃管光学透镜能够将光束的传输效率保持在30%以上.本文还探讨了入射光能量和透镜长度对器件传输结果的影响.结果表明,根据全反射原理设计的单玻璃管光学透镜能够满足极紫外到X射线波长范围内激光去相干的应用需求,在X射线激光成像、激光加工等方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

Detailed characterization of polycapillary focusing x-ray lenses by a charge-coupled device detector and a pinhole

A method to measure the detailed performance of polycapillary x-ray optics by a pinhole and charge coupled device (CCD) detector was proposed in this study. The pinhole was located between the x-ray source and the polycapillary x-ray optics to determine the illuminating region of the incident x-ray beam on the input side of the optics. The CCD detector placed downstream of the polycapillary x-ray optics ensured that the incident x-ray beam controlled by the pinhole irradiated a specific region of the input surface of the optics. The intensity of the output beam of the polycapillary x-ray optics was obtained from the far-field image of the output beam of the optics captured by CCD detector. As an application example, the focal spot size, gain in power density, transmission efficiency, and beam divergence of different parts of a polycapillary focusing x-ray lenses (PFXRL) were measured by a pinhole and CCD detector. Three pinholes with diameters of 500, 1000, and 2000 μm were used to adjust the diameter of the incident x-ray beam illuminating the PFXRL from 500 μm to the entire surface of the input side of the PFXRL. The focal spot size of the PFXRL, gain in power density, transmission efficiency, and beam divergence ranged from 27.1 μm to 34.6 μm, 400 to 3460, 26.70% to 5.38%, and 16.8 mrad to 84.86 mrad, respectively.