铜/纳米金刚石复合物的结构及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

Nano-Copper and Cu/UDD (ultradispersed diamond) nanocomposites were separately prepared by reduction of CuCl₂ aqueous solution and that doped with 0.7%(weight percent) of ultra-dispersed diamond. The as prepared nano-crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques (EPR). It was found that homogeneous nucleation dominated the aqueous reduction reaction at high concentration and the diameter of nano-copper decreased as the reaction time shortened, yet at lower concentration heterogeneous nucleation predominated and the doped UDD functioned as heterogeneous nucleation. Otherwise large number of free-radicals existed in the nano-composites. Both of nano-copper and Cu/UDD nanocomposites were strong catalysts for AP decomposition, with Cu/UDD being a more effective one. The higher decomposition temperature for AP was 119 ℃ lower than that without catalyst. And the exothermic quantity of decomposition was from 590 J·g^-1 to 1 400 J·g^-1 by mix 2% of the Cu/UDD nanocomposites.     

爆炸法合成纳米碳集聚体和纳米金刚石的EPR研究

爆炸法合成的纳米碳集聚体和纳米金刚石具有大量的结构缺陷和表面官能团. 电子顺磁共振（EPR）研究表明,它们均含有大量的自由基,而且纳米碳集聚体和纳米金刚石的EPR谱的形状、峰面积、g因子以及线宽ΔH_pp等都存在着较大的差异. 此外,还探讨了制备方法、化学处理条件、粒径大小、表面改性及掺杂对纳米碳集聚体和纳米金刚石的自由基密度的影响.     

混合溶剂热法制备一维勃姆石纳米棒

采用乙醇-水混合溶液作为反应介质,AlCl3·6H2O为铝源,在无表面活性剂的条件下,成功制备了大长径比的一维勃姆石纳米棒,采用了XRD、SEM、TEM、TG-DSC分析手段对所得产品的物相、形貌以及产物的热分解过程进行了表征,研究了不同水热时间对产物结晶性能及形貌的影响.结果表明,制得的一维勃姆石呈柳叶状,大小均一,分散性良好,长度约为1.8 μm,最宽处约为180nm,经550℃热处理,可以获得具有相同微观形貌的γ-Al2O3纳米棒.