蟹壳基氮/氧共掺杂多孔炭的原位制备及其超级电容器性能

采用废弃蟹壳为碳源,KOH为活化剂原位制备了氮/氧共掺杂多孔炭,并研究其作为电极材料在超级电容器中的应用。 固定蟹壳与KOH的质量比为5:3,考察了煅烧温度对所得炭材料产率、孔结构和氮氧含量的影响。 结果表明,蟹壳基炭材料的孔结构和氮/氧含量可通过改变煅烧温度调变。 随着煅烧温度从500 ℃上升至700 ℃,多孔炭的比表面积和孔体积逐渐增大,而氮/氧含量随温度升高则降低。 采用循环伏安和恒流充放电对所得材料的电化学性能进行测试。 结果表明,所得多孔炭的电化学性能取决于其孔结构与氮/氧表面性质的协同作用,其中煅烧温度为600 ℃所得的多孔炭比表面积为612 m²/g,氮和氧含量分别为3.53%和32.8%,在50 mA/g的电流密度下比电容达到310 F/g,循环1000次比电容仍然保持95%以上,展现出良好的电化学性能。     

High-order harmonic generation of CO_2 with different vibrational modes in an intense laser field

We apply the strong-field Lewenstein model to demonstrate the high-order harmonic generation of CO_2 with three vibrational modes(balance vibration,bending vibration,and stretching vibration) driven by an intense laser field.The results show that the intensity of harmonic spectra is sensitive to molecular vibrational modes,and the high harmonic efficiency with stretching vibrational mode is the strongest.The underlying physical mechanism of the harmonic emission can be well explained by the corresponding ionization yield and the time-frequency analysis.Finally,we demonstrate the attosecond pulse generation with different vibrational modes and an isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of about 112 as is generated.     

悬浮液进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定竹叶中铜和铅的溶出率

竹叶10.000 0 g置于500 mL烧杯中,加水400 mL,煎煮约30 min后,过滤后浓缩至约200 mL,离心30 min后,上层清液即为竹叶水煎液;竹叶粉末(过0.075 mm筛孔)0.018 0 g,加0.15%(质量分数)琼脂溶液3.5 mL和硝酸(2+98)溶液1 mL置于10 mL比色管中,用水定容,超声15 min,制得竹叶悬浮液。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分别测定竹叶悬浮液、竹叶水煎液中的铜和铅含量,进而计算出竹叶中铜和铅的溶出率。结果表明,铜和铅的溶出率分别为7.37%,13.34%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

Controlling the contributions to high-order harmonic generation from different nuclei of N_2 with an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field

The generation of high-order harmonic and the attosecond pulse of the N2 molecule with an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field are investigated by the strong-field Lewenstein model.We show that the control of contributions to high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from different nuclei is realized by properly selecting the relative phase.When the relative phase is chosen to be φ= 0.4π,the contribution to HHG from one nucleus is much more than that from another.Interference between two nuclei can be suppressed greatly; a supercontinuum spectrum of HHG appears from 40 e V to125 e V.The underlying physical mechanism is well explained by the time–frequency analysis and the semi-classical threestep model with a finite initial transverse velocity.By superposing several orders of harmonics,an isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of 80 as can be generated.     

High-order harmonic generation of the N2 molecule in two-color circularly polarized laser fields

The generation of high-order harmonics and the attosecond pulse of the N₂ molecule in two-color circularly polarized laser fields are investigated by the strong-field Lewenstein model. We show that the plateau of spectra is dramatically extended and a continuous harmonic spectrum with the bandwidth of 113 eV is obtained. When a static field is added to the x direction, the quantum path control is realized and a supercontinuum spectrum can be obtained, which is beneficial to obtain a shorter attosecond pulse. The underlying physical mechanism is well explained by the time-frequency analysis and the semi-classical three-step model with a finite initial transverse velocity. By superposing several orders of harmonics in the combination of two-color circularly polarized laser fields and a static field, an isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of 30 as can be generated.     

Selection of quantum path in high-order harmonics and isolated sub-100 attosecond generation in few-cycle spatially inhomogeneous laser fields

We theoretically study the selection of the quantum path in high-order harmonics(HHG) and isolated attosecond pulse generation from a one-dimensional(1D) model of a H_2~+ molecule in few-cycle inhomogeneous laser fields.We show that the inhomogeneity of the laser fields play an important role in the HHG process.The cutoff of the harmonics can be extended remarkably,and the harmonic spectrum becomes smooth and has fewer modulations.We investigate the time-frequency profile of the time-dependent dipole,which shows that the short quantum path is enhanced and the long quantum path disappears in spatially inhomogeneous fields.The semi-classical three-step model is also applied to illustrate the physical mechanism of HHG.The influence of driving field carrier-envelop phase(CEP) on HHG is also discussed.By superposing a series of properly selected harmonics,an isolated attosecond pulse(IAP) with duration 53 as can be obtained by a 15-fs,1600-nm laser pulse with the parameter ε = 0.0013(e is the parameter that determines the order of inhomogeneity of the laser field).     

悬浮液进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定竹叶中铜和铅的溶出率北大核心CSCD

竹叶10.000 0 g置于500 mL烧杯中,加水400 mL,煎煮约30 min后,过滤后浓缩至约200 mL,离心30 min后,上层清液即为竹叶水煎液;竹叶粉末(过0.075 mm筛孔)0.018 0 g,加0.15%(质量分数)琼脂溶液3.5 mL和硝酸(2+98)溶液1 mL置于10 mL比色管中,用水定容,超声15 min,制得竹叶悬浮液。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分别测定竹叶悬浮液、竹叶水煎液中的铜和铅含量,进而计算出竹叶中铜和铅的溶出率。结果表明,铜和铅的溶出率分别为7.37%,13.34%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

Carrier envelope phase effect on the spatial distribution of high-order harmonic generation in asymmetric molecule

The spatial distribution in high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from the asymmetric diatomic molecule He H~(2+) is investigated by numerically solving the non-Born–Oppenheimer time-dependent Schr?dinger equation(TDSE). The spatial distribution of the HHG spectra shows that there is little contribution in HHG around the geometric center of two nuclei(z = 1.17 a.u.) and the equilibrium internuclear position of the H nucleus(z = 3.11 a.u.). We demonstrate the carrier envelope phase(CEP) effect on the spatial distribution of HHG in a few-cycle laser pulse. The HHG process is investigated by the time evolution of the electronic density distribution. The time–frequency analysis of HHG from two nuclei in HeH~(2+) is presented to further explain the underlying physical mechanism.     

悬浮液进样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定中药中铜和铅的溶出率

正中药中通常含有一些微量元素~([1]),这些微量元素会在煎药过程中溶入药水中被人体摄入,只考察中药中的微量元素含量并不全面,必须对中药中各元素的含量和其在水煎液中的溶出量~([2])同时考查才有意义。文献[3-6]报道了对中药进行湿法消解后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对其中金属元素进行测定,文献[2,7]报道了对中药进行湿法消解后采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对其中金属元素进行测定,未见通过悬浮液进样采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定     

过渡金属掺杂磁性纳米粒子在生物医学领域中的研究进展

在过去50多年中,磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)由于其可协调的磁性、非侵入性、易操控性和良好的生物相容性等优点得到了广泛的关注.从具有复合结构或不同形状的MNPs的合成方法到与MNPs相关的大量表征技术,其应用领域也与我们的生活紧密相关.然而,MNPs的复杂磁行为受到多种参量的影响,包括粒径、成分、形状和结构等.基于此,通过...