弗兰克-赫兹实验中电流变化的研究

弗兰克-赫兹实验对于学生学习和理解量子现象有重要作用，通过理论推导和实验，研究电子在F-H管中的运动情况；分析减速电压、加速电压对电流强度的影响；第一栅极电压对电子能量的影响，通过实验研究栅极电压、时间步距对电流强度的作用情况。结果显示减速电压、栅极电压和时间步距对电子的振荡有影响；第一栅极电压也会使电流产生周期性变化。针对实验现象，提出一些可能的解释，这对物理实验教学有一定启发。     

Method of determining cosmological parameter ranges with samples of candles with an intrinsic distribution

In this paper, the effect of the intrinsic distribution of cosmological candles is investigated. We find that in the case of a narrow distribution the deviation of the observed modulus of sources from the expected central value can be estimated within a ceratin range. We thus introduce lower and upper limits of X², X _min² and X_max² to estimate cosmological parameters by applying the conventional minimizing X² method. We apply this method to a gamma-ray burst (GRB) sample as well as to a combined sample including this GRB sample and an SN Ia sample. Our analysis shows that: a) in the case of assuming an intrinsic distribution of candles of the GRB sample, the effect of the distribution is obvious and should not be neglected; b) taking into account this effect would lead to a poorer constraint of the cosmological parameter ranges. The analysis suggests that in the attempt of constraining the cosmological model with current GRB samples, the results tend to be worse than was previously anticipated if the mentioned intrinsic distribution does exist.