相变材料微胶囊流体相变化过程流体内部流态的变化

相变材料是一种石蜡混合物,其主要成分为C_(19)H_(40),以该潜热相变材料作为芯物质,树脂为囊壁材料,制备成的微纳米胶囊流体。将其填充在水平矩形密闭容器内,在下表面加热,上表面冷却,其余各表面绝热的条件下,相变材料在发生相变化过程,对流体内部流动状态及温度分布进行了理论分析,并考察了不含有相变材料流体与含有相变材料的流体流动过程的差别.结果表明:相变化过程,降低了流体流动的速度,加大了流体在冷热板附近的温度梯度;矩形容器高度的增加,流体内部形成的涡数减少,对流越容易发生;热板温度的增加,在冷热板附近产生的温度梯度增加;流体质量浓度的增加,流体流速降低。     

基于醚氧桥联四羧酸配体构筑的铜(Ⅱ)/钴(Ⅱ)/镍(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、结构和在Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性质

采用水热方法,选用醚氧桥联羧酸配体2,3'',4,4''-二苯醚四羧酸（H₄deta）与2,2''-联吡啶（2,2''-bipy）、4,4''-联吡啶（4,4''-bipy）分别与CuCl₂·2H₂O、CoCl₂·6H₂O和NiCl₂·6H₂O在160℃下反应,得到了3个配位聚合物：二维层结构的{[Cu₂（μ₅-deta）（2,2''-bipy）₂]·2H₂O}_n （1）、一维链结构的[Co₂（μ₄-deta）（2,2''-bipy）₂（H₂O）₃]_n （2）和三维网络结构的{[Ni₂（μ₃-deta）（μ-4,4''-bipy）_2.5（H₂O）₅]·3H₂O}_n （3）,并对其结构和催化性质进行了研究。研究表明,在室温下化合物1在Knoevenagel缩合反应中显示出很好的催化活性。     

Dynamic flight stability of a hovering model insect: lateral motion

The lateral dynamic flight stability of a hovering model insect （dronefly） was studied using the method of computational fluid dynamics to compute the stability derivatives and the techniques of eigenvalue and eigenvector analysis for solving the equations of motion. The main results are as following. （i） Three natural modes of motion were identified： one unstable slow divergence mode （mode 1）, one stable slow oscillatory mode （mode 2）, and one stable fast subsidence mode （mode 3）. Modes 1 and 2 mainly consist of a rotation about the horizontal longitudinal axis （x-axis） and a side translation; mode 3 mainly consists of a rotation about the x-axis and a rotation about the vertical axis. （ii） Approximate analytical expressions of the eigenvalues are derived, which give physical insight into the genesis of the natural modes of motion. （iii） For the unstable divergence mode, td, the time for initial disturbances to double, is about 9 times the wingbeat period （the longitudinal motion of the model insect was shown to be also unstable and td of the longitudinal unstable mode is about 14 times the wingbeat period）. Thus, although the flight is not dynamically stable, the instability does not grow very fast and the insect has enough time to control its wing motion to suppress the disturbances.     

由2,3-二羟基-对苯二甲酸配体构筑的锰(Ⅱ)和镉(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构、荧光及催化性质

采用水热方法,用2,3-二羟基-对苯二甲酸配体（H₄DTA）和2,2''-联吡啶（bipy）分别与MnCl₂·4H₂O和CdCl₂·H₂O反应,合成了2个三维配位聚合物[M（μ₄-H₂DTA）（bipy）]_n（M=Mn（1）、Cd（2））,并对其结构、荧光和催化性质进行了研究。单晶结构分析结果表明2个配合物同构,均属于正交晶系,Pnna空间群。配合物1和2都具有三维框架结构。另外,研究了2个配合物的荧光和催化性质。研究表明,配合物1在硅腈化反应中表现出较高的催化活性。     

相变材料热物理性质的分子动力学模拟

为从微观尺度探寻相变材料的热物性变化机理, 本文采用分子动力学的方法, 构建了由正二十二烷组成的无定形结构的相变材料体系, 采用周期性边界条件以及COMPASS力场对相变材料的比热以及导热系数进行了模拟, 并对纯正二十二烷进行了DSC测试. 结果表明, 模拟所得的相变材料热容与文献实验值的偏差是6.5%, 熔点与DSC实验值的偏差是0.98%. 当温度为288–318 K时, 相变材料的导热系数在0.1–0.4 W·m^-1·K^-1 范围内波动, 且随着压力增大略呈下降趋势. 关键词： 扩散系数 比热 导热系数 分子动力学     

相变材料微胶囊流体相变过程对储热蓄热影响

用石蜡混合物(以C_(19)H_(40)为主体,相变温度:25~38℃,比热容极大值出现在31.5℃左右)作芯材,树脂材料作囊壁,与水混合制备成微纳米胶囊流体,将其填充在矩形密闭容器内,在下表面加热,其余各表面绝热条件下,对相变材料相变化过程的储热蓄热特性进行分析。结果表明,相变材料相变化过程提前了自然对流的启动时间,加强了换热强度;在蓄热温度超过35℃之前,相变化的促进作用随温度增加而逐渐增强,超过35℃以后,相变化的促进作用开始减弱.     

Dynamic flight stability of hovering model insects: theory versus simulation using equations of motion coupled with Navier–Stokes equations

In the present paper, the longitudinal dynamic flight stability properties of two model insects are predicted by an approximate theory and computed by numerical sim- ulation. The theory is based on the averaged model （which assumes that the frequency of wingbeat is sufficiently higher than that of the body motion, so that the flapping wings＇ degrees of freedom relative to the body can be dropped and the wings can be replaced by wingbeat-cycle-average forces and moments）; the simulation solves the complete equations of motion coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations. Comparison between the theory and the simulation provides a test to the validity of the assumptions in the theory. One of the insects is a model dronefly which has relatively high wingbeat frequency （164 Hz） and the other is a model hawkmoth which has relatively low wingbeat frequency （26 Hz）. The results show that the averaged model is valid for the hawkmoth as well as for the dronefly. Since the wingbeat frequency of the hawkmoth is relatively low （the characteristic times of the natural modes of motion of the body divided by wingbeat period are relatively large） compared with many other insects, that the theory based on the averaged model is valid for the hawkmoth means that it could be valid for many insects.