Palladium nanoparticles/wool keratin-assisted carbon composite-modified flexible and disposable electrochemical solid-state pH sensor

Several p H-dependent processes and reactions take place in the human body;hence,the p H of body fluids is the best indicator of disturbed health conditions.However,accurate and real-time diagnosis of the p H of body fluids is complicated because of limited commercially available p H sensors.Hence,we aimed to prepare a flexible,transparent,disposable,userfriendly,and economic strip-based solid-state p H sensor using palladium nanoparticles(Pd NPs)/N-doped carbon(NC)composite material.The Pd NPs/NC composite material was synthesized using wool keratin(WK)as a precursor.The insitu prepared Pd NPs played a key role in the controlled switching of protein structure to the N-doped carbon skeleton withπ–πarrangement at the mesoscale level,which mimics the A–B type polymeric structure,and hence,is highly susceptible to H+ions.The optimized carbonization condition in the presence of Pd NPs showed that the material obtained using a modified Ag/Ag Cl reference electrode had the highest p H sensitivity with excellent stability and durability.The optimized p H sensor showed high specificity and selectivity with a sensitivity of 55 m V/p H unit and a relative standard deviation of 0.79%.This study is the first to synthesize Pd NPs using WK as a stabilizing and reducing agent.The applicability of the sensor was investigated for biological samples,namely,saliva and gastric juices.The proposed protocol and material have implications in solid-state chemistry,where biological material will be the best choice for the synthesis of materials with anticipated performance.     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法测定白首乌中的4种苯乙酮类成分

建立了白首乌中4种苯乙酮类化合物(Ⅰ:4-羟基苯乙酮,Ⅱ:2,5-二羟基苯乙酮,Ⅲ:白首乌二苯酮,Ⅳ:2,4-二羟基苯乙酮)的高效液相色谱检测方法。采用Symmetry-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)分离,流动相为甲醇-水(体积比为26∶74),流速1.0 mL/min;采用二极管阵列检测器检测,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的检测波长为280 nm,化合物Ⅱ的检测波长为224 nm;测定温度为30 ℃。4种苯乙酮类化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ的线性范围分别为0.080～0.560 μg,0.080～0.560 μg,0.100～0.700 μg和0.092～0.644 μg (r=0.9996～0.9999);平均加样回收率(n=3)为98.0%～104.0%,相对标准偏差为0.8%～2.6%。该方法简便快速、结果准确、重现性好,可作为白首乌药材质量控制的一个有效方法。