基于套管-水泥环-地层热固耦合作用的多层套管环空附加压力预测模型

深水油气井生产阶段受地层高温流体的影响,会产生套管环空圈闭压力上升现象,严重威胁井筒完整性。本文推导出了基于套管-水泥环-地层热固耦合作用下的环空流体介质、自由段与封固段套管的位移函数,建立了多层套管环空附加压力矩阵方程,提出了套管环空压温比计算公式,分析了环空流体介质热弹性、套管壁厚和弹性参数、水泥环弹性参数等因素对各层套管环空附加压力分布规律的影响。结果表明:各层套管环空附加压力沿井筒上升方向逐渐增加,油层套管与生产管柱之间的A环空产生的压力附加值最大,增加环空流体压缩性、提高套管壁厚和提升水泥环弹性参数可有效降低套管环空附加压力,保障井筒安全.     

Synthesis and magnetotransport properties of Bi_2Se_3 nanowires

Bi_2Se_3, as a three-dimensional topological insulator, has attracted worldwide attention for its unique surface states which are protected by time-reversal symmetry. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of high-quality singlecrystalline Bi_2Se_3 nanowires. Bi_2Se_3 nanowires were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method via goldcatalyzed vapor-liquid-solid(VLS) mechanism. The structure and morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. In magnetotransport measurements, the Aharonov–Bohm(AB) effect was observed in a nanowire-based nanodevice, suggesting the existence of surface states in Bi_2Se_3 nanowires.