关于非均匀系统局部平均压力张量的推导及对均匀流体的分析

由维里定理导出的适用于均匀系统的平衡态压力张量表达式可以分成两部分:动压力张量和位形压力张量.人们进而对平衡的非均匀系统进行物理分析得到了局部平均压力张量表达式.本文用更为简洁的方法推导出这一表达式.给出以原子直径为长度单位的局部平均尺寸L~* 8条件下均匀流体系统平均位形压力中的三部分贡献项(体贡献项、面贡献项和线贡献项)与L~*的理论关系式(含有待定参数);以氩原子气体为例,在温度180 K、原子数密度0.8下,对原子间采用林纳德-琼斯势进行了分子动力学模拟,给出了0.4≤L~*≤17条件下三项贡献及总位形压力的模拟曲线,确定了L~* 8条件下理论关系式中的待定系数,并得到在L~* 2时,随着L~*的增大,体贡献项从正压单调下降并趋于负的总位形压力,面贡献项和线贡献项都单调上升并趋于零,但线贡献项趋向零最快.从物理上解释了小尺寸L~*下各项行为的复杂特点.得出L~*足够大,才可以忽略面贡献项和线贡献项,而在纳米尺度下,忽略面贡献项和线贡献项,也就是忽略边界效应会给计算带来明显的误差.最后通过分子动力学模拟得出位形压力随着温度的升高而升高.这些结论对于压力张量的分子动力学模拟计算时选项的最优化是有意义的.     

Tolman length of simple droplet: Theoretical study and molecular dynamics simulation

In 1949, Tolman found the relation between the surface tension and Tolman length, which determines the dimensional effect of the surface tension. Tolman length is the difference between the equimolar surface and the surface of tension. In recent years, the magnitude, expression, and sign of the Tolman length remain an open question. An incompressible and homogeneous liquid droplet model is proposed and the approximate expression and sign for Tolman length are derived in this paper. We obtain the relation between Tolman length and the radius of the surface of tension(R_s) and found that they increase with the Rs decreasing. The Tolman length of plane surface tends to zero. Taking argon for example, molecular dynamics simulation is carried out by using the Lennard–Jones(LJ) potential between atoms at a temperature of 90 K. Five simulated systems are used, with numbers of argon atoms being 10140, 10935, 11760, 13500, and 15360, respectively. By methods of theoretical study and molecular dynamics simulation, we find that the calculated value of Tolman length is more than zero, and it decreases as the size is increased among the whole size range. The value of surface tension increases with the radius of the surface of tension increasing, which is consistent with Tolman’s theory. These conclusions are significant for studying the size dependence of the surface tension.     

师范认证背景下电磁学混合式教学模式探究

为规范引导师范专业建设,教育部已正式开展普通高等学校师范类专业认证工作,师范类专业认证的核心理念是“学生中心、产出导向、持续改进”,强调要以学生为中心,注重激发学生的学习兴趣和潜能,推动本科教学从“教得好”向“学得好”转变.线上线下混合式教学将传统的课堂教学和网络平台辅助教学相结合,为能够激发学生学习主观能动性,实现师范认证的核心理念提供了行之有效的方法和途径.     

关于Young—Laplace公式的吉布斯自由能证明

对于为论证球形液滴附加压强的Young-Laplace公式而设计的一个理想实验,有文献试图借助吉布斯自由能函数进行证明,本文给出符合这一条件的证明方法.     

Expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads

The expressions of the radius and the surface tension of surface of tension Rs and γs in terms of the pressure distribution for nanoscale liquid threads are of great importance for molecular dynamics （MD） simulations of the interfacial phenomena of nanoscale fluids; these two basic expressions are derived in this paper. Although these expressions were derived first in the literature[Kim B G, Lee J S, Han M H, and Park S, 2006 Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 10, 283] and used widely thereafter, the derivation is wrong both in logical structure and physical thought. In view of the importance of these basic expressions, the logic and physical mistakes appearing in that derivation are pointed out.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of an argon cluster filled inside carbon nanotubes

The effects of the diameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） （7.83A to 27.40A） and temperature （20 K-45 K） on the equilibrium structure of an argon cluster are systematically studied by molecular dynamics simulation with consideration of the SWCNTs to be fixed. Since the diameters of SWCNTs with different chiralities increase when temperature is fixed at 20 K, the equilibrium structures of the argon cluster transform from monoatomic chains to helical and then to multishell coaxial cylinders. Chirality has almost no noticeable influence on these cylindrosymmetric structures. The effects of temperature and a non-equilibrium sudden heating process on the structures of argon clusters in SWCNTs are also studied by molecular dynamics simulation.     

Energy Loss of Fast Quarks in Nuclear Drell-Yan Dimuon Production

The energy loss effect in nuclear matter, which is another nuclear effect apart from the nuclear effects on the patton distribution as in the deep inelastic scattering process, can be measured best by the nuclear dependence of the high energy nuclear Drell-Yan process. By means of the quark energy loss parametrization given in literature and the nuclear patton distribution extracted only with lepton-nucleus deep inelastic scattering experimental data, measured Drell-Yan production cross sections are analysed for 800-GeV protons incident on a variety of nuclear targets from FNAL E866. The average energy loss of quarks are given by fitting the Fe/Be and W/Be Drell-Yan cross section ratios versus the incident patton momentum fraction.     

纳观接触角的确定方法

对纳观接触角的确定曾有过许多研究工作, 本文对各种理论进行分析评论, 指出其各自的优缺点甚至错误, 认为最为简单实用的理论是朱如曾于1995年在《大学物理》((Vol. 14(2))) 的文章中对前人的宏观接触角的错误理论采用澄清接触角概念的方法所得到的纳观接触角的近似理论及近似公式α = (1-2E_PS/E_PL)π (其中E_PL和E_PS分别表示液体内部一个液体分子的势能和固体表面一个液态分子与固体的相互作用势能, 并可用分子动力学(MD) 模拟得到), 此理论属于纳观接触角的分子动力学理论的近似简化形式, 值得进一步发展. 为此, 本文根据物理分析假设Gibbs张力表面上位于非三相接触区的一个液体分子的势能为E_PL/2x, 三相接触线上一个液体分子与其余液体的相互作用势能为(1+kE_PS/E_PL)α E_PL/2xπ, 其中x和k 为优化参数. 根据Gibbs分界面上处处势能相等条件, 得到改进的纳观接触角的近似公式α = π({1-2xE_PS/E_PL)/(1+kE_PS/E_PL)．对固体表面的氩纳米液柱, 在温度90K下对液体分子之间采用林纳德－琼斯(L-J) 势, 液体分子与固体原子间采用带有可变强度参数a的 L-J 势, 对0.650< a <0.825 范围内的8种a值进行了MD模拟．得到了相应的Gibbs 张力面．将其纳观底角视为近似纳观接触角, 结合物理条件(当E_PS/E_PL=0时, α = π)用最小二乘法得到优化参数值x=0.7141, k=1.6051和相关系数0.9997. 这一充分接近于1的相关系数表明, 对于不同相互作用强度的纳米液固接触系统, 优化参数x和k确实可近似视为常数, 由此确认我们提出的利用MD模拟来确定纳观接触角近似公式中优化参数的可行性和该近似公式的一般适用性.