基于悬滴法的纳米燃油表面张力测量与分析

以柴油为基液、溴化十六烷三甲基铵(Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide,CTAB)为助溶剂,通过两步法配制CNT(Carbon Nanotubc)、CeO₂及Co₃O₄纳米燃油。采用悬滴法测量柴油与纳米燃油的表面张力,探究纳米物质种类、粒径、质量分数及温度对纳米燃油表面张力的影响。研究发现,在纳米燃油液滴气液界面层内,纳米粒子与柴油分子之间的吸引力使液固分子体系总体的内聚力增强,因而表面张力增大;纳米燃油的表面张力随着粒子质量分数增加而增强,但随着温度升高而线性下降。大粒径的纳米粒子表面电荷密度降低,对表面电子束缚减小,电子游离所产生的与柴油分子之间的极化静电相吸作用更强,使液粒之间的范德华力增强,表面张力增大。在相同质量分数的条件下,非金属CNT的密度较小,纳米燃油中的粒子数目较多,此外其得电子能力更强,极易使周围柴油分子极化形成静电吸引,液粒间范德华力增强,因此CNT纳米燃油的表面张力最大;同为金属氧化物,Co₃O₄的分子量大于CeO₂而表现出较低的分子极性,其与基液燃油分子间的静电作用力也较弱,因而Co3O4纳米燃油的表面张力较低。本文测量了多种纳米燃油的表面张力,探讨了不同物质种类、浓度、尺寸的纳米介质及环境温度对燃油表面张力的影响,为纳米燃油在发动机缸内的液滴破碎与着火燃烧过程提供了重要的基础数据和理论支持。     

MORE ON ADDITIVE ENUMERATION PROBLEMS OVER TREES

The present paper discusses more about additive enumeration problems over some tree families, especially, the trees with nodes and leaves of given numbers. It establishes a uniform solving scheme for additive enumeration problems over V(ery) simply generated tree families. Based on the uniform scheme, a series of additive enumeration problems over tree families, including leaf path length counting and node path length counting, are solved. The tree families related include: binary tree, t-ary tree and ordered tree.     

t 叉树和有序树的几个计数问题

一、引言树是计算机科学中广泛使用的一种数据结构。树的组合性质在程序设计和计算机算法复杂性分析中有重要的应用。文献[1—5]研究了 t 叉树和有序树的某些组合性质。在本文中,我们将着重考虑这两类树的计数问题。     

ON NODE ENUMERATION AND NODE PATH LENGTH OF ORDERED TREES

Considering the class (n, m) of ordered trees with m leaves and n-m internal nodes, a set of generating functions are established for the following problems: (1) the total number nodes with degree r over Γ(n, m), (2) the total path length of nodes over Γ(n, m), and (3) the total number of nodes over Γ(n, m) on level k. Some particular counting fomulas are derived from them.