压力对纯的和含硫化亚铁的橄榄石电导率影响的实验研究

在YJ-3000 t紧装式六面顶大腔体压机上,用Solartron-1260阻抗/增益-相位分析仪,在1～3 GPa、723～1273 K的条件下,原位测量了纯的和含15%(质量分数)FeS的橄榄石电导率。实验结果表明:在实验温度范围内,含15%FeS的橄榄石电导率比纯橄榄石的电导率高2～3个数量级,且电导率值在0.1～10 S/m范围内;纯的和含15%FeS的橄榄石电导率都随着温度的增加而增大,但是纯的橄榄石电导率对温度的敏感性更强;纯的和含15%FeS的橄榄石电导率随压力变化表现出相反的特性,随着压力的升高,纯橄榄石电导率微弱地降低,而含15%FeS的橄榄石电导率显著地增加。由含15%FeS的橄榄石电导率对温度、压力的效应以及实验获得的活化焓可知,15%FeS在橄榄石中形成了相互连通的网络,主导着橄榄石的导电过程。     

竖直内螺纹管中超临界RP-3航空煤油换热特性数值研究

针对空–油换热器的结构优化应用,开展了竖直内螺纹管中超临界RP-3航空煤油换热特性数值研究。阐述了沿流动方向的传热恶化问题和沿圆周方向螺纹顶部–螺纹底部的非均匀换热机制。通过近壁区流体参数分布情况揭示了传热恶化的原因。讨论了通道截面温度场、流场、湍动能的分布特征,基于螺旋度和二次流强度描述了二次流的影响。探究了运行压力和螺纹数目对换热的影响。实现了换热关联式预测。结果表明：吸热能力下降和湍动能异常减小是第一次传热恶化的原因,类膜态沸腾还会导致第二次传热恶化问题。螺纹结构和变密度耦合产生二次流,螺旋度沿流动方向不断增大,高温区二次流强度与换热状况具有耦合机制。提出的换热关联式有效获得了三种类型内螺纹管中超临界航空煤油的换热预测。     

双极晶体管中子注量探测器的标定

双极晶体管经中子辐照后会引起直流增益退化,在109~1016 cm-2的注量范围内,其直流增益倒数变化与辐照中子注量呈线性关系。对直流增益退化的双极晶体管进行高温退火,能使受到辐射损伤的双极晶体管性能恢复。鉴于此,将双极晶体管进行逆向工程应用,制作成中子注量探测器,经标定后,可实现对中子注量的监测。对探测器的装配结构进行设计后,依托中国工程物理研究院快中子脉冲堆(CFBR-Ⅱ),在1012~1013 cm-2的注量范围对3DK2222A型探测器和在1013 cm-2的注量范围对3DG121C型探测器进行标定。在得到探测器损伤常数K的分散性存在较小和较大的两种情况下,确定了分散性较小时的有效取值和应用方法,以及在分散性较大时,采取标定的损伤常数K只能应用在同只探测器上的方案,并通过高温退火实验证实了该方案的可行性。     

Influence of anisotropy on the electrical conductivity and diffusion coefficient of dry K-feldspar: Implications of the mechanism of conduction

The electrical conductivities of single-crystal K-feldspar along three different crystallographic directions are investigated by the Solartron-1260 Impedance/Gain-phase analyzer at 873 K–1223 K and 1.0 GPa–3.0 GPa in a frequency range of 10-1 Hz–106 Hz. The measured electrical conductivity along the ⊥ [001] axis direction decreases with increasing pressure, and the activation energy and activation volume of charge carriers are determined to be 1.04 ± 0.06 e V and 2.51 ± 0.19 cm~3/mole, respectively. The electrical conductivity of K-feldspar is highly anisotropic, and its value along the⊥ [001] axis is approximately three times higher than that along the ⊥ [100] axis. At 2.0 GPa, the diffusion coefficient of ionic potassium is obtained from the electrical conductivity data using the Nernst–Einstein equation. The measured electrical conductivity and calculated diffusion coefficient of potassium suggest that the main conduction mechanism is of ionic conduction, therefore the dominant charge carrier is transferred between normal lattice potassium positions and adjacent interstitial sites along the thermally activated electric field.