Modal analysis of the Oth order nulled phase masks

A simple modal analysis （MA） method to explain the diffraction process of 0th order nulled phase mask is presented. In MA, multiple reflections of the grating modes at grating interfaces are considered by introducing equivalent Fresnel coefficients. Analytical expressions of the diffraction efficiencies and modal guidelines for the 0th order hulled phase grating design are also presented. The phase mask structure, which comprises a high-index contrast HfO2 grating and a fused-silica substrate, is optimized using rigorous coupled-wave analysis around the 800-nm wavelength, after which the modal guideline for cancellation of the 0th order in a phase mask is verified. The proposed MA method illustrates the inherent physical mechanism of multiple reflections of the grating modes in the diffraction process, which can help to analyze and design both low-contrast and high-contrast gratings.     

Grating imaging scanning lithography

We present a grating imaging scanning lithography system for the fabrication of large-sized gratings. In this technology, ±1-order diffractive beams are generated by a phase grating and selected by a spatial filter. Meanwhile, a 4f system enables the ±1-order diffractive beams to form a grating image with a clear jagged-edge boundary on the substrate. A high-precision two-dimensional （2D） mobile stage is used for complementary cyclical scanning, thereby effectively eliminating image stitching errors. The absence of such errors results in a seamless and uniform large-sized grating. Characterized by a simple structure, high energy use, and good stability, this lithography system is highly relevant to the high-speed and cost- effective production of large-sized gratings.     

Modal analysis of the 0th order nulled phase masks

A simple modal analysis (MA) method to explain the diffraction process of 0th order nulled phase mask is presented. In MA, multiple reflections of the grating modes at grating interfaces are considered by introducing equivalent Fresnel coefficients. Analytical expressions of the diffraction efficiencies and modal guidelines for the 0th order nulled phase grating design are also presented. The phase mask structure, which comprises a high-index contrast HfO 2 grating and a fused-silica substrate, is optimized using rigorous coupled-wave analysis around the 800-nm wavelength, after which the modal guideline for cancellation of the 0th order in a phase mask is verified. The proposed MA method illustrates the inherent physical mechanism of multiple reflections of the grating modes in the diffraction process, which can help to analyze and design both low-contrast and high-contrast gratings.     

Simplified mode analysis of guided mode resonance gratings with asymmetric coatings

A simplified modal method to explain the resonance phenomenon in guided mode resonance(GMR) gratings with asymmetric coatings is presented.The resonance observed is due to the interaction of two propagation modes inside the grating.The reflectivity spectra and electric field distributions calculated from the simplified modal method are compared using rigorous coupled-wave analysis(RCWA).The influences of high-order evanescent modes on the resonance peak are analyzed.A matrix Fabry-Perot(FP) resonance condition is developed to evaluate the resonance wavelength.An explanation for the resonance phenomenon observed based on the FP resonance phase condition is also proposed and demonstrated.The simplified method provides clear physical insights into GMR gratings that are useful for the analysis of a variety of other resonance gratings.     

黄酮药物分子的高效合成

“中药槐花米中芦丁的提取”是基础有机化学实验中经典的植物提取黄酮药物的实验。分析一系列植物提取的黄酮药物分子结构，可看出它们均由2-苯基色原酮(又称黄酮)分子衍生而来。实验中，发现黄酮药物的提取率偏低，不能满足目前人们对黄酮药物的需求，因此尝试用具有高效性的化学方法合成黄酮，并进一步合成其相应的衍生物。本实验分两步合成黄酮，首先利用羟醛缩合合成2’-羟基查尔酮，然后碘催化分子内的环合得到黄酮，实验时长约为6 h，既可作为教学实验，也可作为课后的探索开放性实验。本改进实验具有安全、易操作、重复性好，特别是相对于植物提取具有产率高的优点。此外，通过本次实验的改进，引导学生采用与本实验类似的方法，设计并合成了黄酮的衍生物——乙氧黄酮(治心绞痛药物立可定中的主要活性成分)。本实验丰富了有机化学实验的教学内容，提高了分析和解决问题的能力，潜移默化地培养了学生的科学探索精神。