限进材料固相萃取-高效液相色谱在线联用检测牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留

建立了一种限进材料固相萃取-高效液相色谱在线联用检测牛奶中四环素类抗生素残留的分析方法.利用原子转移自由基聚合法制备的限进型聚(苯乙烯-co-二乙烯苯)键合硅胶作为同时富集四环素类小分子和排阻蛋白大分子的固相萃取材料.经过限进萃取柱的净化和富集后,牛奶样品中的四环素类抗生素(土霉素、四环素和金霉素)被反冲进反相C18分析柱进行色谱分离和测定.牛血清蛋白在限进萃取柱上的洗脱率为96.0％,说明制备的限进材料具有很好的排阻大分子蛋白的效果.3种四环素类抗生素在牛奶样品中的加标回收率为88.3％～101.5％,RSD＜8.0％;方法检出限为50 ～ 80 μg/L,线性范围为0.05～ 2.0 μg/mL.结果表明,本方法简单高效,准确度好,检出限达到了规定要求,可以作为检测牛奶样品中四环素类抗生素残留的方法.     

Cylindrical-confinement-induced phase behaviours of diblock copolymer melts

The phase behaviours of diblock copolymers under cylindrical confinement are studied in two-dimensional space by using the self-consistent field theory. Several phase parameters are adjusted to investigate the cylindrical-confinement-induced phase behaviours of diblock copolymers. A series of lamella-cylinder mixture phases, such as the mixture of broken-lamellae and cylinders and the mixture of square-lamellae and cylinders, are observed by varying the phase parameters, in which the behaviours of these mixture phases are discussed in the corresponding phase diagrams. Fur-thermore, the free energies of these mixture phases are investigated to illustrate their evolution processes. Our results are compared with the available observations from the experiments and simulations respectively, and they are in good agreement and provide an insight into the phase behaviours under cylindrical confinement.     

多模式城市交通网络随机用户平衡配流模型

本文考虑了影响出行者选择出行方式的多种因素(如出行时间、花费、舒适性等),分析了多种交通方式并存的城市交通网络,基于随机用户平衡理论构造了多模式的交通配流模型,并证明了模型解的等价性和惟一性,给出了求解算法.