Surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine

Progress in surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)is summarized with regard to organic molecules,macromolecules and inorganic materials.Many researchers are now devoted to synthesizing new types of multi-functional MNPs,which show great application potential in both diagnosis and treatment of disease.By employing an ever-greater variety of surface modification techniques,MNPs can satisfy more and more of the demands of medical practice in areas like magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),fluorescent marking,cell targeting,and drug delivery.     

二维磁性纳米材料的可控合成及磁性调控

自旋电子学的研究重点在于同时利用电子的电荷和自旋两个自由度对信息进行处理和存储,其具有运行速度快、存储密度高和能耗低等优势。毫无疑问,发展二维磁性纳米材料的可控合成方法及磁性调控策略,对于新型自旋电子学器件的构筑具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。然而,目前得到的二维磁性纳米材料的种类十分有限,而且合成方法及磁性调控手段相对单一,极大地限制了该领域的发展。本文首先根据磁性的来源,对二维磁性纳米材料进行了分类,介绍了诱导产生的磁性和具有本征磁性的二维纳米材料,然后详细地归纳了二维磁性纳米材料常见的合成方法,如机械剥离法、电化学剥离法、化学气相沉积法以及液相合成方法等。此外,着重总结了二维材料磁性的主要调控手段,最后展望了该领域遇到的瓶颈、未来的研究重点及应用前景。     

NdCl3-FeCl3-石墨层间化合物的XPS研究

通过熔盐交换法合成了ＮｄＣｌ３－ＦｅＣｌ３－ＧＩＣ,采用Ｘ射线电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析插入剂在石墨层间的存在形式,并测定了试样中Ｎｄ,Ｆｅ,Ｃｌ和Ｃ的相对含量。ＮｄＣｌ３－ＦｅＣｌ３－ＧＩＣ中Ｆｅ２ｐ的结合能为７１１．２０－７１０．３ｅＶ,Ｎｄ３ｄ的结合能为９８３．２０－９８３．０８ｅＶ,并发现Ｆｅ在石墨层ｅ＾３＋,Ｆｅ＾２＋形式存在。     

合金的维生系——钒

随着材料科学的发展，金属钒及其化合物得到了越来越广泛的应用，并被誉为“合金的维生素”。在未来的发展中，钒及其化合物奖成为更加重要的稀有金属。本文介绍了钒的发现、分布、制备、性质及应用，并概述了钒与人体健康的关系。     

磁性纳米材料的化学合成、功能化及其生物医学应用

从纳米材料的生长动力学模型出发,讨论磁性纳米材料的控制合成原理。总结磁性纳米材料的化学设计与合成、表面功能化及其在核磁共振成像和多模式影像等方面的应用研究最新进展。     

NdCl3-FeCl3-石墨层间化合物的合成

采用熔盐交换法成功地合成了ＮｄＣｌ３ＦｅＣｌ３ＧＩＣ, 用ＸＲＤ 技术和Ｘ射线能谱仪（ＥＤＳ） 对其层间结构及各元素的相对含量进行了表征。研究表明, 其结构为２,３ ,４ 阶混合结构,３ 阶ＮｄＣｌ３ 的特征层间距为１－６５３６ ±０－００２４ ｎｍ , 并探讨了稀土氯化物石墨层间化合物的形成机制。     

Chemical synthesis of magnetic nanocrystals:Recent progress

Colloidal chemical synthesis of various types of magnetic nanocrystals is discussed with regard to recent discoveries. We first outline the chemical preparation of single-component magnetic nanocrystals with controlled size, shape, and uniformity based on several solution-phase methods, especially thermal decomposition and/or reduction method. Then we discuss the synthetic strategies of multi-component nanocrystals incorporating at least one magnetic component by manipulating heterogeneous nucleation and growth process. Toward the end, approaches for preparing hollow/porous magnetic nanocrystals are highlighted. We believe that the summarized chemical synthesis will pave the way for the future development of extraordinary magnetic nanocrystals.     

Structure model and synthesis of NdCl3-FeCl3-graphite intercalation compounds

The distribution of the elements and microstructure of NdCI3-FeCI3-graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) were shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that Nd element intercalates into graphite, forming NdCI3-FeCI3-GICs, and the distribution of Nd and Fe is nearly even. On the basis of the data, a structure model for RECI3-GICs was founded, and the characteristic layer distance and the index of interval energy were calculated. The calculated results agree with experimental ones, and the relative errors are ±2%. Thus it can be seen that the (111) face is optimal direction for intercalation reaction of TbCl3-LuCl3, and the (001) face is that for LaCl3-GdCl3, because of the lowest interval energy.     

稀土高新功能材料

在现代科学中,稀土元素在材料科学中的应用,使得材料科学取得了重大进展,出现了一批性能优越的稀土高功能材料,极大地推动了科学的进步和世界经济的发展。本文系统地介绍了稀土元素在高新功能材料中的应用,主要有稀土永磁材料、稀土食氢材料、稀土超志材料、稀土激光材料。２１世纪,稀土功能材料的应用领域将更加广泛。     

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and surface coating techniques for biomedical applications

Iron oxide nanoparticles are the most popular magnetic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications due to their low cost, low toxicity, and unique magnetic property. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, including magnetite （Fe304） and maghemite （γ-Fe203）, usually exhibit a superparamagnetic property as their size goes smaller than 20 nm, which are often denoted as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles （SPIONs） and utilized for drug delivery, diagnosis, therapy, and etc. This review article gives a brief introduction on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in terms of their fundamentals of magnetism, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, and drug delivery, as well as the synthesis approaches, surface coating, and application examples from recent key literatures. Because the quality and surface chemistry play important roles in biomedical applications, our review focuses on the synthesis approaches and surface modifications of iron oxide nanopar- ticles. We aim to provide a detailed introduction to readers who are new to this field, helping them to choose suitable synthesis methods and to optimize the surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles for their interests.