阿秒脉冲的发展及其在原子分子超快动力学中的应用

在过去20年里,激光技术的发展使阿秒科学成为一个新的研究领域,可为量子少体超快演化过程的研究提供新视角.当前实验室中制备的阿秒脉冲以孤立脉冲或脉冲串的形式被广泛应用于实验研究中,其超快变化的光场允许人们操控和跟踪电子在原子尺度的运动,实现对亚飞秒时间尺度电子动力学的实时追踪.本综述聚焦于阿秒科学的重要组成部分,即原子分子超快动力学研究的进展.首先介绍阿秒脉冲的产生和发展,主要包括高次谐波原理和孤立阿秒脉冲分离方法;然后系统地介绍阿秒脉冲在原子分子超快动力学研究中的应用,包括光电离时间延迟、阿秒电荷迁移和非绝热分子动力学等方面;最后对阿秒脉冲在原子分子超快动力学研究中的应用进行总结和展望.     

极紫外光源及高荷态离子诱导下甲烷的脱氢通道碎裂机制

CH₄广泛存在于行星大气之中,研究CH₄的解离动力学对了解宇宙中气体演化的过程具有重要的价值.目前,CH₄²⁺ →CH₃⁺+H⁺碎裂通道已被大量研究,但针对该通道的解离机制的解释尚存在一定争议.本实验利用高分辨反应显微成像谱仪,开展了25—44 eV的极紫外(extreme ultraviolet, XUV)光电离实验及1 MeV Ne⁸⁺与CH₄的碰撞实验.通过符合测量得到了CH₃⁺和H⁺两种离子的动能,重构了两体解离的动能释放(kinetic energy release, KER),并研究了CH₄²⁺解离产生CH₃⁺+H⁺解离路径下的碎裂动力学过程.在光电离实验中,观测到KER谱上存在4.75 eV和6.09 e...     

Effects of annealing rate and morphology of sol–gel derived ZnO on the performance of inverted polymer solar cells

The effects of annealing rate and morphology of sol–gel derived zinc oxide(ZnO)thin films on the performance of inverted polymer solar cells(IPSCs)are investigated.ZnO films with different morphologies are prepared at different annealing rates and used as the electron transport layers in IPSCs.The undulating morphologies of ZnO films fabricated at annealing rates of 10 C/min and 3 C/min each possess a rougher surface than that of the ZnO film fabricated at a fast annealing rate of 50 C/min.The ZnO films are characterized by atomic force microscopy(AFM),optical transmittance measurements,and simulation.The results indicate that the ZnO film formed at 3 C/min possesses a good-quality contact area with the active layer.Combined with a moderate light-scattering,the resulting device shows a 16%improvement in power conversion efficiency compared with that of the rapidly annealed ZnO film device.     

基于蒙特卡罗的量子仿真实验

结合量子力学计算与蒙特卡罗随机方法,发展了一种仿真实验方法.该方法通过对实验仪器不确定度的引入,对Schulz等在2003年开展的100MeV/uC6+与氦原子的碰撞电离实验(Nature,2003,422(6927):48.)进行了仿真模拟.结果表明,反应显微成像谱仪位置分辨、靶温度以及引出电场电压的细微的波动都能够...     

基于极紫外光的Ne,Xe原子电离

极紫外(extreme ultraviolet, XUV)光与物质相互作用是探索微观粒子内部结构的重要方式.本文利用反应显微成像谱仪测量了Ne, Xe原子在XUV光作用下单电离与双电离的电子角分布,提取了Ne原子2p电子和Xe原子5p, 5s电子电离的β不对称参数,并结合前人已发表的实验数据与不同的理论模型进行对比.结果表明Ne原子2p壳层电子电离受电子关联效应影响较弱; Xe原子5p电子电离受电子关联效应影响强,且不受相对论效应的影响,但这两种效应在Xe原子5s电子电离过程中都发挥了重要作用.此外,研究还发现Xe原子双电离存在直接双电离和间接双电离两种机制,并给出了间接双电离第一步与第二步光电子角分布与β不对称参数信息.     

Improved empirical formula for α particle preformation factor

In this contribution,the α preformation factors of 606 nuclei are extracted within the framework of the generalized liquid drop model(GLDM).Through the systematic analysis of the α preformation factors of even-even Po-U isotopes,we found that there is a significant weakening of influence of N=126 shell closure in uranium,which is consistent with the results of a recent experiment [J.Khuyagbaatar et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.115,242502(2015)],implying that N=126 may not be the magic number for U isotopes.Furthermore,we propose an improved formula with only 7 parameters to calculate α preformation factors suitable for all types of α-decay;it has fewer parameters than the original formula proposed by Zhang et al.[H.F.Zhang et al.,Phys.Rev.C 80,057301(2009)]with higher precision.The standard deviation of the α preformation factors calculated by our formula with extracted values for all 606 nuclei is 0.365 with a factor of 2.3,indicating that our improved formula can accurately reproduce the α preformation factors.Encouraged by this,the α-decay half-lives of actinide elements are predicted,which could be useful in future experiments.Notably,the predicted α-decay half-lives of two new isotopes 220 Np [Z.Y.Zhang,et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett.122,192503(2019)] and 219 Np [H.B.Yang et al.,Phys.Lett.B 777,212(2018)] are in good agreement with the experimental α-decay half-lives.